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Procedural skills > Prosthodontics > Flashcards

Prosthodontics Flashcards

1
Q

what is design transfer?

A

conveying the outline of the proposed prosthesis from the diagnostic cast to the master cast

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2
Q

importance of the surveyor?

A
  • height of contour
  • undercuts
  • draw the clasps
  • draw the connectors
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3
Q

tripoding is important for ?

A

path of insertion

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4
Q

what does each color represents?

A
  • Brown: metallic portion
  • Blue: resin finish lines
  • Red: retentive areas and rests
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5
Q

what is waxout or blockout?

A

blocking the udesirable undercuts with wax

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6
Q

what are the 3 types of blackouts?

A
  • Parallel
  • Ledging (shaped)
  • Arbitrary
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7
Q

what is the parallel blockout?

A

putting wax and trimming it parallel to the path of insertion

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8
Q

what is the ledging blockout?

A
  • on the primary abutment
  • In relation to a connector or clasp
  • from the tooth surface extending the lower border
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9
Q

what is the arbitrary blockout?

A
  • After finishing the other types of blackouts if there is any undercut or something we don’t need in the design for ex: soft tissue
  • doesn’t have to be parallel to the path of insertion
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10
Q

define relief?

A

it is placing a wax sheet in strategic areas using a wax spacer

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11
Q

relief importance?

A
  • Create a small space between the framework and cast or soft tissues
  • relief tori and tender areas
  • the most cool relief is associated with denture base.
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12
Q

what is beading

A

we do it in the maxillary by scraping for not more than 1 mm depth to limit the wax extension but we don’t do it on the mandibular because we don’t have a palate

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13
Q

what is the purpose of duplication?

A
  • to preserve the cast from breaking
  • To allow an investment (refractory) cast to be formed for framework fabrication
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14
Q

list the duplicating materials:

A
  • colloidal ( heat=gel into liquid)
  • sillicon material
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15
Q

if you used low heat alloy (gypsum bonded investment) which type of investment material you will use?

A
  • reversible hydrocolloid with a water base
  • burnout at 704
  • like gold IV and ticonium ( cobalt -nickel - chromium ) which is the mostly used
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16
Q

if you used high heat alloy which type of investment material you will use?

A
  • phosphate bonded investment and glycerine base colloid
  • burn out at 1037
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17
Q

what is the importance of beeswax?

A

because the refractory cast is porous in nature everything we put will be absorbed so we dip it in the beeswax for 15 seconds to ensure smoothness.

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18
Q

before the actual waxing begins we take the measurements of the cast using ?

A

boles gauge

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19
Q

what is the most critical part of the transfer ?

A

the position of the clasp tip

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20
Q

what are the differences between casting waxes and plastic pattern?

A

*casting waxes:
- No specifications
- Maximum flow 10% for 35
- Minimum flow 60% for 38
*Plastic pattern
- Mostly used
- Require tacky liquid before placing it

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21
Q

Note:

A

when waxing the framework for a gold casting we use a heavier wax pattern because gold is lighter and we need heavier pattern to allow the gold to flow

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22
Q

what is the diameter for sprues?

A

3.5-4mm

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23
Q

what are the characteristics of a sprue?

A

it should be uniform without any angle because then it will block the flow

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24
Q

spring can be classified into?

A
  • single
  • multiple ( when the pattern is long)
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24
Q

sprue consists of?

A

sprue former
reservoir

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24
Q

what will happen if there is constrictions in the sprue?

A

internal deformation and inclusion casting

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25
Q

when do we use the axillary sprues?

A
  • Long span
  • Heavy Pontic
  • 1/3 or 1/4 the size of the main sprue
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26
Q

what will happen if there is insufficient burnout?

A
  • Insufficient mold expansion
  • short casting
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27
Q

what will happen if there is over burnout?

A
  • breakdown and destruction of the mold
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28
Q

burnout purposes?

A
  • drives off the moisture
  • melt the wax and create spaces
  • expand the mold to compensate the alloy contraction
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29
Q

what is casting?

A

introducing the molten metal

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30
Q

how the framework is divested?

A

aluminum oxide

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31
Q

advantages of CAD CAM in partial dentures?

A
  • reduce lab steps
  • No need for refractory cast
  • Automatic blockout and surveying
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32
Q

what are the materials used in CAD CAM

A

cobalt chromium
titanium
poly ether ether ketone

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33
Q

advantages of PEEK

A
  • mechanical stability
  • chemical stability
  • High temp resistance
  • biocompatible
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34
Q

when do we use the precision attachment ?

A

when we have a big load on the prosthesis

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35
Q

what is the advantage of precision attachment ?

A

fixation
stability
retention

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36
Q

precision attachment is not used on a regular basis but in which Kennedy classification we can use them?

A

1 and 2

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37
Q

what are the synonyms for precision attachment ?

A

internal att
frictional
slotted
key and keyway
parallel

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38
Q

another synonyms of female att?

A
  • crypt
  • slot
  • Matrix
  • Key way
  • Receptacle
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39
Q

another synonyms of male att?

A
  • Key
  • Patrix
  • Insert
  • Flange
  • Fitting
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40
Q

method of fabrication and fit tolerance

A
  • prefabricated which if there is an error in the casting process it will not fit
  • semi-percison att lab or custom made which have a space for movement
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41
Q

what are the classification of attachments?

A

-based on method of fabrication and fit tolerance
- based on primary abutment
- based on joint stiffness
- based on the geometric configuration and design of the attachment

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42
Q

based on primary abutment

A
  • extra coronal ( outside the contour of the retainer)
  • intra coronal (within the contour of the tooth)
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43
Q

based on joint stiffness

A
  • Rigid
  • Resilience ( non rigid)
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44
Q

characteristics of intra coronal precision att:

A
  • prefabricated
  • within the normal contour of the tooth
  • applied occlusal forces are closed to the axis of the abutment
  • require a box
  • height, buccolingual, mesiodistal 5 mm
  • rigid , doble abutting is preferred where the adjacent tooth to the abutment os crowned
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45
Q

intra coronal precision att retention:

A
  • Frictional
  • mechanical
  • combination
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46
Q

what are the applications of intra coronal attachment

A

-Retainer for removable
- Connector for fixed

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47
Q

advantages of intra coronal att?

A
  • eliminate food stagnation
  • Occlusal forces are distributed close to the long axis of the tooth
  • Reduced bulkiness
  • Self cleansable
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48
Q

disadvantages of intra coronal att?

A
  • Extensive preparation on the abutment tooth = pulp devitalization
  • Adequate crown length and small pulp size
  • Hrad to fabricate
  • Handling by patient is more difficult
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49
Q

characteristics of extra coronal precision att:

A
  • For distal extension
  • Kennedy class I and II
  • Double abutments are preferred
  • We need inter occlusal space 5 mm
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50
Q

advantages of extra coronal att?

A
  • Reduced tooth loss
  • Reduced pulp devitalization
  • easier insertion
  • Normal tooth contour is maintained
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51
Q

disadvantages of extra coronal att?

A
  • Lack of occlusal stability
  • Improper occlusal force distribution
  • Maintain of hygiene is difficult
  • positioning the artificial tooth in the attachment region is more difficult
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52
Q

for the clasp assembly

A
  • Support (rest)
  • Retention (retentive arm)
  • Stability ( reciprocal arm)
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53
Q

advantages of PA from clasp retained

A
  • Esthetic
  • Overloading is prevented
  • functional load is equal
  • efficiency of retention is not affected by the contour of the abutment tooth.
  • food impaction is prevented
  • rotation is prevented
  • retention , reciprocation, support are all within the component
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54
Q

disadvantages of PA from clasp retained

A
  • Cost
  • Long clinical time
  • Extensive preparation
  • Wear and loss of the retentive component component
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55
Q

indications of PA from clasp retained

A
  • Removable retainer
  • Stress breaker
  • Periodontal involvement where rigid FPD is contraindicated
  • movable joints
  • Divergent abutment with high survey line
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56
Q

which one is preferred for distal extension?

A

resilient extra coronal att because of less stress

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57
Q

where are the retentive areas?

A

just under the surveyor line where the retentive arm will be placed

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58
Q

on which position the cast should be placed? and what do we need to check?

A
  • Zero tilt
  • we need to check the undercuts, parallelism of the proximal surface of the abutments and the parallel path of insertion, also check the guiding planes
  • if we are not able to detect we can tilt AP or lateral .
  • If there are no undercuts and the guiding planes are not parallel we have to prepare the abutments.
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59
Q

how can we prepare the abutments?

A
  • minimal invasive treatment
  • Surveyed crowns
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60
Q

what is the minimal invasive treatment ?

A
  • rest seat occlusally or lingually
  • guiding plane by removing only 1.5 mm
  • Composite on the labial surface of the abutments
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61
Q

what is surveyed crown?

A

is a restoration that have retentive contours, parallel guiding plane and rests within the crown

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62
Q

when do we use the partial coverage crown (three quarter crown)?

A

when the buccal or labial surface of the abutment is sound and the retentive undercuts are acceptable

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63
Q

if you are using full veneers or PM ?

A

adding or reducing porcelain

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64
Q

what are the indications of surveyed crowns?

A
  • undesirable tooth contour and enamel modification can’t be done
  • Re establish proper occlusal plane
  • Restore a cavity or badly broken tooth
  • rests for anterior teeth
  • correct the angulation
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65
Q

what is the treatment sequence if we want to use surveyed crowns?

A
  • Diagnosis and surveying
  • RPD design
  • Surveyed crowns
  • RPD fabrication
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66
Q

how much should we reduce for the surveyed crowns?

A

2mm
- 1.5 for the rest seat
- 0.5 for metal thickness

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67
Q

which type of recording jaw relationship we use for surveyed crowns?

A
  • Interocclusal record
  • Occlusal rims
    and it should be recorded at the desired VDO
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67
Q

what is the polished surface ?

A
  • everything polished including the buccal and lingual
  • Non articulating parts of teeth (buccal & lingual) AND the buccal, labial, lingual, and palatal parts of the denture base material.
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68
Q

what is the intaglio/internal/impression surface

A
  • it is the surface attached to the mucosa
  • Denture part in contact with the denture bearing area.
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69
Q

occlusal surface

A

-occlusal and incise edges
-Articulating surfaces of teeth that make contact during functional and parafunctional movements

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70
Q

how many visits are needed for conventional dentures:

A

1- Preliminary impression
2- Definitive
3- Registration
4- Try in
5- Insert

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71
Q

how many visits for digital dentures:

A

1- impression
2- Try in (may and may not)
3- Insert

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72
Q

the first two visits are to create which surface ?

A

impression surface

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73
Q

the third visit is for ?

A

occlusal and polished surface (VD, CO, aesthetics)

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74
Q

what is VD?

A

vertical distance between any 2 points one in the maxilla and one in the mandible

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75
Q

describe the resorption in the mandible:

A

-Anterior: labial
-premolar: equal
- posterior: lingual
-ridge in the anterior will be placed lingually and the ridge in the posterior will be placed bucallly

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76
Q

describe the resorption in the maxilla:

A
  • Labial and buccal resorption
  • the ridge will be placed palatally
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77
Q

what are the Registration Visit Objectives?

A
  • Support and esthetics
  • Vertical dimension and centric relation (inter maxillary relation)
  • Teeth Selection according to the selected
    occlusal scheme
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78
Q

what is the fox plane ?

A
  • Ala-tragus (campers line)
  • Inter-pupillary
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79
Q

what is occlusal rims?

A

occluding surfaces fabricated on interim or final denture bases for the purpose of making maxillomandibular relation records and arranging teeth

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80
Q

what is occlusal rims?

A
  • wax rims+baseplate
  • Similar to custom tray with some differences: extension (in the custom tray we want to be 2mm short for border molding but here we don’t do border molding) we do full extension to make it stable
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81
Q

what are the materials used for baseplate?

A
  • Shellac (thermoplastic)
  • Autopolymarization
  • Light cured (mostly used)
  • Wax baseplates
  • Remember that the baseplate is just an interim stage it will not be in the final denture
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82
Q

Shellac (thermoplastic)

A

+ cheap, easy to adapt
- brittle, distort easily

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83
Q

Autopolymarization

A

+ Cheap, technician familiar with.
- Handling problems, needs to block undercut, may damage the cast

84
Q

Light cured

A

+ Easy to make, quick.
- same as in Auto, problems of wax adherence, more difficult to polish

85
Q

Wax baseplates

A

+ cheap, easy to use, good interocclusal space for setting.
- easily distorted.

86
Q

how do we determine the form and contour of the dentures ?

A
  • Occlusal plane
  • Arch form
87
Q

what are the dimensions of the occlusal rims ?

A

max:
- Anterior: height 22, width 8
- Posterior: height 18mm, width 10mm

man
- Anterior: height 18, width 8
- Posterior: height 2/3 of the retromolar pad, width 10mm

88
Q

what do you know about Biometric technique

A
  • Replacement upper teeth be placed in pre-extraction
  • Fixed points of measurements : remnants of the lingual gingival margin
  • help compensate for the facial changes after tooth loss
89
Q

what is centric relation?

A
  • maxillomandibular relationship, indepents of teeth where the condyle is in its anteriosuperior position against the articular eminence , the mandible will be restricted to a purely rotary movements and it is a repeatable reference point.
  • Record anterior posterior and mediolateral surfaces
  • when the condyle articulate with the thinnest avascular portion of the disk
  • Repeatable
90
Q

what is maximum intercupsation ?

A

independent of the condyle, when the teeth are occluding maximumly

91
Q

what is the importance of the occlusal stop?

A
  • prevent the jaw form closing further
  • maintain the vertical height of the lower face
92
Q

what is VDO?

A

distance measured between any two points on the patients face when the patient it as occlusion

93
Q

CR is used in ?

A

edentulous and partially edentulous it depends on the teeth contact

94
Q

which test is the most used for VD?

A

physiological (free way space)

95
Q

what is the space required to have a good VD at rest?

A

2-4 mm in premolar region

96
Q

what is the importance of phonetics ?

A

-The patient is instructed to pronounce the sound (s) to determine the approximate closest speaking space
-No average closest speaking space: varies from 0-10mm
-Best performed at the try in with teeth

97
Q

For edentulous your guideline is to put the incisal edge at which level ?

A

0 mm or within 1 mm not more than that

98
Q

which type of test depends on the patient comfort?

A

Neuromuscular

99
Q

which type of test is more applicable for research ?

A

biting force

100
Q

incisive papilla to the max and man?

A

6 mm from max
4 mm from man

101
Q

what is the face bow record?

A
  • an instrument used to record the spatial relationship of the maxillary arch to some anatomic reference point or points and then transfer this relationship to an articulator; it orients the dental cast in the same relationship to the opening axis of the articulator; customarily the anatomic references are the mandibular transverse horizontal axis and one other selected anterior reference point
  • Relate the max to the hinge axis
102
Q

which type determine the true position of the terminal hinge axis?

A

Kinematic

103
Q

imp note:

A

Use of facebow is not essential for the success of CDs, it could be needed in fixed prosthodontics but for CD it is not that significant

104
Q

what are the steps for complete denture procedure?

A

1- Maxillary rim
2- Mandibular rim
3- VD
4- CR
5- Grooves for CR registration
6- face bow?
7- Teeth selection

105
Q

what type of material we can use for bite registration ?

A
  • PVS
  • Zinc oxide eagunoul
  • wax (Alu wax)
  • Impression compound
106
Q

what is overjet and what is the normal range ?

A

horizontal distance between the labial upper rim to the labial lower rim , 1-2mm

107
Q

what are the techniques to guide the mandible in CR?

A

Active (unguided)
passive (guided)

108
Q

list the active unguided methods:

A
  • Using the tongue
  • Protrusion and recursion of the mandible
  • Exclusive movements (gothic arc tracer)
  • swallowing
109
Q

list the passive guided methods:

A
  • Relaxation of the temporalis and masseter muscles
  • Chin point guidance
  • Downs’s bimanual manipulation
110
Q

which method is the best for positioning the mandible in CR?

A

using active and passive by trying to push the mandible backward and ask the pt to touch the ball on the plate.

111
Q

what is the movement if we are doing manual manipulation ?

A

downward and then upward

112
Q

notices on the occlusal rim should be in which area?

A

posterior area (premolar/molar)

113
Q

what is the depth for the notches?

A

1-2 mm

114
Q

why do we record jaw relationship?

A

1- establish and maintain harmonious relationship with the oral structures
2- to distribute the forces as equal as possible
3- to prevent deflection
4- to prevent rotation

115
Q

how can we record maxillary mandibular relationship?

A
  • Direct apposition of casts
  • Interocclusal record
  • Occlusal rims
116
Q

Direct apposition of cast:

A
  • Missing few teeth (1-2) with existing opposing teeth
  • Few teeth to be replaced on short denture base
  • Can be positioned by hand
117
Q

Interocclusal record :

A
  • For Kennedy class III and IV
  • Can’t be positioned by hand
  • Sufficient teeth remaining
  • Fixed restoration
  • Wax and bite registration
118
Q

Occlusal rims:

A
  • Kennedy calls I and II
  • when we don’t have sufficient teeth remaining or occluding
  • Tooth bounded (Kennedy class III) edentulous area is large
  • Opposing teeth do not meet
119
Q

what is record base:

A
  • recording maxillomandibular relationship
  • For teeth arrangement
  • Baseplate+occlusal rim
120
Q

what is the suitable thickness for the baseplate?

A

2-3 mm

121
Q

what are the uses of occlusal rims?

A
  • Occlusal level
  • Teeth arrangment
  • Arch form
  • Maxillary mandibular relationship
122
Q

what are the types of facebow?

A
  • Arbitrary
  • Kinematic
123
Q

what is the arbitrary facebow?

A
  • Approximately located on the hinge axis 5 mm
  • Uses posterior points and locate the condylar rods
  • Earpiece and fascia
124
Q

what is the kinematic facebow?

A
  • Determine the true hinge axis
  • More accurate
  • For FPD and full mouth rehabilitation
125
Q

what is the hinge axis ?

A

imaginary line between the mandibular condyles which the mandible may rotate in a sagittal plane

126
Q

the third reference point is ?

A

we have 2 posterior points (condyle ) and 1 anterior with (nation or infraorbitale)

127
Q

what is the difference between direct and indirect articulator?

A

for the indirect we will need a transfer

128
Q

uses of simple hinge?

A
  • not advisable
  • cause occlusal interference
  • used for observing intercuspal relationship
  • Used for single crowns
129
Q

uses of Average value?

A

fixed prosthodontics

130
Q

what is the altering component of Average value?

A

incisive guidance

131
Q

what is the altering components in Semi-adjustable?

A
  • Bennett angle (15)
  • Incisal guidance
  • Condylar guidance
132
Q

what is Bennett angle?

A

formed between the sagittal plane and the average path of the non working side

133
Q

what are the types of semi adjustable ?

A

Arcon and non arcon

134
Q

what is he difference between the arcon and non arcon

A

Arcon: Condyle attached to the mandibular arm of the articulator which is anatomically correct
Non arcon: Condyle attached to the maxillary arm housed in a track to the mandibular component which is anatomically incorrect

135
Q

what is the altering component of fully adjustable?

A
  • Bennett angle
  • Incisal guidance
  • Condylar guidance
  • Intercondylar distance
136
Q

the incisal pin should be at which marking?

A

zero

137
Q

what is retruded contact position ?

A

the initial tooth contact upon closure when the condyles have purely rotated whilst in their most superior unrestrained position in the glenoid fossae.

138
Q

When the mandible moves, teeth slide over each other. This partly determined by:

A
  • Shapes of the teeth( anterior guidance)
  • Anatomical constraints of the TMJ (Posterior guidance).
139
Q

Lateral movements is guided by

A
  • condyle- fossa relationship
  • teeth relation ships
140
Q

what is the AG?

A

it’s the effect of the contact between the incisal edges of the lower teeth and that of palatal surfaces of the upper teeth on mandibular movement.

141
Q

what is Steep incisal guidance:

A
  • when we have increased separation in the posterior teeth
  • It will cause heavy load on the anterior teeth
142
Q

how much is the condylar guidance ?

A

30-60
Average: 45

143
Q

what is christens phenomenon ?

A

when the teeth are edge to edge and we have posterior teeth separation

144
Q

Requirements for Anterior Guidance

A
  • Patient comfort
  • Smooth guidance, that is , there are no mandibular deflection.
  • Acceptable aesthetics & phonetics.
  • Minimal movement of guidance teeth
  • Posterior disocclusion.
  • No cementation failure of fracture of the interim restorations.
145
Q

Manifestations of problems with guidance:

A
  • wear
  • fracture
  • tooth mobility/ migration
  • tmj dysfunction
146
Q

what type of occlusion is recommended in complete denture?

A

Balanced occlusion

147
Q

In natural dentition if you are edge to edge but you have posterior occlusion also what dies it mean?

A

occlusal interference and should be corrected

148
Q

what are the Posterior teeth-cuspal inclination?

A
  • Anatomic (30,33,45)
  • Semi anatomic (20)
  • non anatomic Flat (0)
149
Q

Anatomic teeth?

A
  • effective in chewing food.
  • aesthetically pleasing.
  • designed to be set in balanced articulation.
  • If it is not in a balanced position trauma of the denture bearing area will occur.
150
Q

Non-anatomic teeth?

A
  • Not effective in chewing
  • Not aesthetically pleasing
  • Flat teeth
  • Allow even contact without deflection
  • Set in a simple hinge articulator
  • Used in a monoplane occlusal schemes
  • When we have resorbed alveolar ridge
151
Q

advantages to anatomic teeth

A
  • Effective in chewing
  • Aesthetic
  • Resist rotation
  • Harmony with TMJ
  • Mechanical and physiological occlusion
152
Q

disadvantages to anatomic teeth:

A
  • Lateral torque
  • Relining and rebasing are difficult
  • Require good registration
153
Q

Advantages of non anatomic ?

A

-1. They don’t lock the mandible into one position.
-2. They minimize horizontal pressure due to no inclined planes.
-3. Closure can occur in more than one position—centric relation can be an area rather than a point.
-4. They can easily adapt to Class II & III jaw relationships.
-5. They accommodate to changes in vertical and horizontal relations of ridges.
-6. Relining and rebasing is easier.
-7. They improve denture stability.

154
Q

Disadvantages of non anatomic

A

-1. Less efficient mastication—do not penetrate food well.
-2. Clogging of occlusal surfaces with food occurs.
-3. They are esthetically inferior to anatomic teeth

155
Q

which type of material for teeth is mostly used ?

A

Acrylic

156
Q

Acrylic

A
  • Easy to bond chemically
  • Easy to adjust
  • Disadvantage: Low resistance to wear
157
Q

Porcelain

A
  • High wear resistance
  • Difficult to adjust
  • Difficult to bond (mechanically)
  • Noise when eating
158
Q

Composite

A
  • Similar to acrylic
  • When we have natural opposing teeth
159
Q

Metal onlay

A

on top of the acrylic teeth restorations can be incorporated onto the acrylic teeth in cases in which the rate of wear of the acrylic teeth has been extremely rapid

160
Q

Balanced occlusion =

A
  • CGIG/CICC*OP
161
Q

which curve is for mediolateral or anteriorpopsterior?

A

mediolateral (curve of wilson)

162
Q

what is the condylar guidance ?

A

it is the angle between the horizontal plane and the superior wall of the glenoid fossa

163
Q

one factor that the dentist has no control over since it is the property of the patient

A

Condylar guidance

164
Q

what should the incisal guidance

A

the anterior guidance should be reduced for the anatomical the overbite should be 0.5 and overate 1-2 and for the non anatomical it should be 0

165
Q

which factors the dentist can modify ?

A
  • Cuspal inclination
  • Compensating curve
166
Q

which cusp is occluding in the lingalized?

A

palate cusp

167
Q

which one can be effectively used when a complete denture opposes a removable partial denture.

A

lingualized

168
Q

what is the main indication for immediate denture?

A

periodontal disease

169
Q

when remounting is needed ?

A
  • when there is no contact in the posterior
170
Q

if you have a small space during say “S” what does it mean and if you have a big space ?

A

small : whistle
big : lisp “sh”

171
Q

size of the teeth is determined by ?

A

interalar distance or commissure of the mouth

172
Q

characterization of the maxillary lateral incisors ?

A

soft effect (mesial flare)

173
Q

what are the systemic conditions that are contraindicated for tooth extraction ?

A
  • necrosis, osteoporosis, xerostomia and poor diabetes control
  • Keratotic and dyskeratosis form vB and A deficiency
  • Psychogenic symptoms
  • Mucosal diorders
  • Cerbero/cardivascular with clotting disorder.
174
Q

what is the first and second surgical phase in conventional?

A

1: posterior extraction
2: Anterior extraction

175
Q

where are the common ares that will have sore spots after wearing denture for 24 h?

A
  • retromylohyoid
  • Lateral to tuber-sixties
  • Cuspid eminence
  • Posterior limit areas
176
Q

collapsed posterior bite results in ?

A
  • Anterior flaring
  • tooth loss
  • Tooth fremitus/mobility
  • Loss of VD
  • Secondary occlusal trauma
177
Q

Prolonged tooth loss without replacement may cause complications:

A
  • (TMJ) disorders
  • Mandibular deviation movements
  • super-eruption of opposing teeth
178
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of loss of VD:

A
  • Inverted smile
  • Toothless smile
  • Frequent chipping or breaking the teeth
  • Angular chelitis
  • Low face height
179
Q

What are the indications to change (increase) the OVD?

A

a) harmonizing dentofacial esthetics;
b) providing adequate space for the restorative material; and
c) improving incisal and occlusal relationships.

180
Q

what are the ways for processing ?

A
  • Conventional (compression molding)
  • Injection molding
181
Q

what are the steps for processing ?

A

1- Flasking
2- Boil out
3- Packing
4- Curing
5- Deflasking
6- Lab remount
7- Decasting

182
Q

what are the changes that could happen during flasking ?

A

1- Dimension changes in the wax after teeth setup
2- Polymerization shrinkage
3- Expansion of the investment material
4- flask pressure

183
Q

Advantages of CAD/CAM for fabrication?

A

1- Decreased porosity = decreased candida albican adherence
2- Files are saved
3- Lab steps are reduced
4- Polymerization shrinkage is prevented

184
Q

which type of implants is the mostly used?

A

endosteal

185
Q

what are the problems associated with subperiosteal (epos teal) implant ?

A
  • invasive surgery
  • impression of the bone - mucosal perforation and infection
186
Q

what is the load bearing capacity for implants in the maxilla and mandible ?

A

100 kg mandible
30-50 kg maxilla

187
Q

what made the implants successful ?

A

osteointegration

188
Q

the reason behind branemark success ?

A
  • biocompatible titanium
  • Adequate and quality of the bone
  • Primary stability
  • avoid excessive heating
  • prevent contamination
  • free of load
189
Q

what is a successful implant?

A
  • Not mobile
  • No bonne résorption
  • Hugh survival rate
  • No radiolucinces
  • No pain
190
Q

what is the disadvantage of acid etching ?

A

damage the mechanical performance

191
Q

how osteointegration can be accelerated?

A
  • Increasing surface area
  • Increase surface chemistry
192
Q

which type is the most stable surface treatment ? for roughness

A

sand blasting (silica particles )

193
Q

what is the disadvantage of hydroxyapatite for surface chemistry ?

A

peel off which will cause a gap btw the implants and the bone = infection and failure

194
Q

what is the advantage or micro thread?

A

reduce bone resorption or loss

195
Q

what is the characteristics for better thread design?

A
  • micro thread coronally (disadvantage in the mechanical stability )
  • apical drilling blade
  • increased screw thread lead
  • double thread
196
Q

what is the advantage of internal connection

A
  • Force distribution
  • Mechanical stability
  • Mostly used
197
Q

which type of impression is the best for IRO?

A

abutment level impression

198
Q

in the maxilla and mandible how many implants do you need?

A

2 for the mandible and 4 for the maxilla

199
Q

endocrown concept is a ?

A

monoblock concept

200
Q

what are the indications of endocrown ?

A
  • Extensive coronal loss
  • Short clinical crowns
  • Cavity depth 3 mm and 2 mm width cervical margin
  • posterior tooth with extensive tissue compromising associated endodontic treatment
201
Q

why enodcrown is useful

A

because here we avoid post preparation of the rc

202
Q

which type of margin is in endocrown?

A

butt joint margin

203
Q

what is the most problem with endocrown?

A

debonding

204
Q

which material is the best for endocrown

A

lithium disilicate

205
Q

what are the main advantages of rubber dam in endocrown ?

A

1- visibility of the margin
2- Dryness
3- Adjustments

206
Q
A
207
Q

type of etch in endocrown ?

A

internal surface for the crown - hydrofluoric acid

teeth surface - phosphoric acid

208
Q

what are the mode of failure in endow crown and traditional crown?

A

endocrown :
- Loss of retention (debonding)
- Periodontitis
- Fracture

Traditional crown:
- Fracture
- Root fracture
- Irreversible pulpits

209
Q
A
209
Q

steps for initial placements and adjustments

A

1- Inspection
2- Framework
3- Fit

Procedural skills (1 decks)

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