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Prosth/Ortho > Prosthetics > Flashcards

Prosthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Amputation

A

removal of part or all of a body part enclosed by skin

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2
Q

Amputee

A

A person who has undergone an amputation

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3
Q

The highest percentage (____) of lower extremity amputations is due to ?

specifically ?

A

disease (70%)

peripheral vascular disease when associated with smoking and diabetes

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4
Q

6 reasons for the use of prosthesis

A

PVD, diabetes, trauma, infections, tumors, congenital limb deficiencies

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5
Q

Absence of a hand or foot

A

adopia

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6
Q

Absence of one or more fingers or toes

A

Aphalangia

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7
Q

Phocomelia

A

flipper limb due to absence of a limb segment

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8
Q

Hemicorporectomy

chance of survival is ___

A

amputation between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae

low

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9
Q

The loss of any parts of ilium, ischium, and pubis

A

hemipelvectomy

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10
Q

Short transfemoral amputation

Medium ^

which one is ideal for having room for prosthetic knee

A

proximal 1/3 femur
middle 1/3 femur

medium

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11
Q

Location of amputation for rotationplasty

A

distal to lesser trochanter to distal to tibial tuberosity

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12
Q

Advantage and disadvantage of knee disarticulation

A

Preserve growth in distal femoral epiphysis, thigh muscle preserved
Non cosmetic socket

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13
Q

Short and Very short transtibial are not done as an _____ ______ and have a small _____ ___

A

elective procedure, moment arm

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13
Q

A PVD short transtibial amputee spends more energy than (3)

A

-PVD standard transtibial
-Traumatic unilateral standard transfemoral
-Traumatic bilateral standard transtibial

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14
Q

In standard transtibial level of amputation what is frequently a result of the nerve being cut too short

A

symptomatic neuromas

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15
Q

Standard Transtibial level of amputation %s

What occurs (3)

A

20-50% of tibia

  • fibula is cut short
  • tibia beveled nerve cut off 5 cm above line of amputation
  • long posterior flap
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16
Q

In standard transtibial level of amputation what is the advantage of a long posterior flap

A

well vascularized and better weight bearing surface

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17
Q

Long posterior flap is used in ______ transtibial amputations

A

dysvascular

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18
Q

In standard transtibial level of amputation muscle stabilization can be achieved through

A

myodesis (attachment of muscles to periosteum or bone)

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19
Q

Bone bridging aka

it between ____ and ____

what does it create and prevent

A

Osteomyoplastic transtibial amputation

tibia and fibula

larger and more stable end bearing, preventing fibular instability

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19
Q

What level of amputation allows distal weight bearing

A

knee disarticulation

19
Q

Osteomyoplastic transtibial amputation improves (3)

A

arterial and venous circulation of the residual stump and recreates normal length tension of muscle

20
Q

Ankle disarticulation where the heel pad is kept for weight bearing

there is a development of

A

Syme’s

neuromas of the posterior tibial nerve

21
Q

Amputation of any part of one or more toes (levels of amputation)

A

partial toe

22
Q

Biomechanical disadvantage of toe disarticulation

where does dis occur

A

affects push off during walking

metatarsal phalangeal joints

23
Q

Resection of the 5th 4th and maybe 3rd metatarsal and digits

A

metatarsal ray resection

24
Q

Amputation through the midsection of metatarsals

high failure rate due to

should be performed on pt who

A

trans metatarsal

loss of weight bearing area and excessive load on residual limb

with intact post tib pulse and warm foot

25
Q

Removes the forefoot and midfoot, saving talus and calcaneus

poor reputation due to

A

chopart

development of an equinus contracture

26
Q

First 4 phases of amputee rehab - 2 steps in each

A

pre operative (pt education, medical and body condition assessment), amputation surgery / dressing (limb reconstruction, limb length determination), acute post surgery (wound healing, pain control), pre prosthetic (shrinking, increasing muscle strength)

27
Q

Prosthetic fabrication always does

A

casting

28
Q

Syme’s prostheses are bulky to accomodate _____

They only include _____ and ____ assembly

A

malleoli

socket and foot ankle

29
Q

Largest and heaviest casting done for the whole body

A

hip disarticualtion

30
Q

Transtibial prostheses consist of

A

prosthetic foot, pylon, socket

31
Q

Advantages of endoskeleton

A

lightweight, adjustable, allows change of socket, demands less maintenance

32
Q

Exoskeleton has great

A

durability

33
Q

The best residual limb for prosthesis

better than (2)

A

muscle balanced cyndrical residual limb

bulbous distal end, or conical shape

34
Q

There needs to be contact at the end of the residual limb otherwise

trick

A

chance of further injury could turn purple / edema

use chalk or lipstick to see tracing at bottom of socket

35
Q

Very high and bad pressure sensitive area

A

end of fibula

36
Q

Which PTB design of transtibial prosthesis is not bearing any load during locomotion

A

crest/ tubercle of tibia

37
Q

PTB

A

(patellar tendon bearing) areas of weight bearing

38
Q

Distributes pressures more equally throughout the socket

A

Total surface bearing (TSB)

38
Q

Pros of no liner in transtibial prosthess

cons

A

less bulk, easier cleaning, fewer perspiration problems

more difficult to fit, less comfortable

38
Q

Pros of no viscoelastic (silicon) in transtibial prosthess

cons

A

even pressure, minimal shear forces & shock absorption

high cost and weight

39
Q

Comparison of suspensions for the individual with a transtibial amputation

Supraconylar cuff +/- & indications

A

simple durable

Adjustable, easy application and replacement

not rec for vascular problems or short residual limbs

39
Q

Comparison of suspensions for the individual with a transtibial amputation

Supraconylar system (PTB SC) +/- & indications

A

short residual limb, medial lateral instabilities

minimizes vascular problems

requires good hand dexterity

40
Q

Comparison of suspensions for the individual with a transtibial amputation

Supraconylar suprapatellar (PTB SC/SP) +/- & indications

A

Short residual limb, medial lateral / anterior posterior ligamentous instabilities

minimizes vascular problems, supports knee

poor cosmetic appearance, not good for very long residual limb

41
Q

Comparison of suspensions for the individual with a transtibial amputation

Thigh corset +/- & indications

A

excellent stability, short residual limbs, poor knee stability

decrease weight on residual limb through side bars, occupations where stability is paramount

poor cosmetic appearance, excessive weight, possible quadriceps atrophy

42
Q

Comparison of suspensions for the individual with a transtibial amputation

waist belt +/- & indications

A

auxillary suspension

decreases pistoning

cumbersome, hygiene problems, poor cosmetic appearance

43
Q

Comparison of suspensions for the individual with a transtibial amputation

Sleeve +/- & indications

A

light weight, auxilaary suspension

improved cosmetic appearance, minimal pistoning

not durable, sweat, hygiene, no control of knee instability

44
Q

Comparison of suspensions for the individual with a transtibial amputation

Pin/shuttle +/- & indications

A

scarred or sensetive residual limbs, simple

improved cosmetic appearance, eliminates strap around knee, decreased shear forces, minimal pistoning

not durable, sweat, hygiene, no control of knee instability, expensive

Prosth/Ortho (2 decks)

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