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3rd yr- CSB- summary sheets > Prostetics > Flashcards

Prostetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is support

A

Resistance to a vertical force directed at the mucosa

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2
Q

How can a denture be supported

A
  1. Tooth borne
  2. Mucosa borne
  3. Tooth and mucosa borne
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3
Q

How is support achieved on a tooth and mucosa bourne denture

A

Occlusal rest acts a tooth borne and the free end saddle acts as mucosa borne

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4
Q

How is tooth support gained

A
  1. Occlusal rests

2. Cingulum rests

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5
Q

Give examples of some mucosa borne dentures

A
  1. The every denture
  2. The soon denture
  3. the transitional denture
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6
Q

Describe an every denture

A

A denture with no occlusal rests and the whole thing is borne on the palate

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7
Q

Describe a soon denture

A

Is used as a temporary measure to replace a small number of teeth

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8
Q

Describe a transitional denture

A

Covers a large palatal area and touches the teeth

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9
Q

What is another name for a transitional denture

A

A gum stripper as it can lead to perio disease

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10
Q

What is a saddle

A

An edentulous area of the alveolar ridge

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11
Q

Saddles can be…

A

Bounded or free end

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12
Q

What is a bounded saddle

A

An edentulous area with a tooth on either side

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13
Q

What is a free ended saddle

A

An edentulous area with only ONE tooth on the mesial side

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14
Q

Which type of support is used on a bounded saddle

A

Tooth borne

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15
Q

Which type of support is used for a free ended saddle

A

Tooth and mucosa borne

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16
Q

What is retention

A

The resistance to a vertical force directed away from the mucosa

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17
Q

What is the path of displacement

A

The vertical force directed away from the mucosa

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18
Q

How is retention gains don a denture

A

By using clasps

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19
Q

What can a loose denture be caused by

A
  1. Lack of retention
  2. Bracing
  3. Support
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20
Q

Where is the retentive clasp placed

A

In an adequate undercut on the tooth

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21
Q

How do retentive clasps work

A

As the denture moved up the clasp expands

This residence to expansion holds the denture in

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22
Q

What is an undercut

A

The area under the survey line

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23
Q

What is the survey line

A

The maximum bulbosity of the tooth

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24
Q

Name the 2 different types of clasps

A
  1. Gingivally approaching

2. Occlusally approaching

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25
Q

What is Bracing

A

Resistance to a horizontal force

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26
Q

What is reciprocation

A

Resistance to specific horizontal forces generated by retentive clasps

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27
Q

What are the 2 main functions for the reciprocating arm

A
  1. Resists dentures moving horizontally

2. Prevents tooth being pushed into the PDL as the denture is taken in and out

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28
Q

What would happen if we didn’t put a retentive arm on our dentures

A

The tooth would move over a period of months

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29
Q

What is indirect retention

A

The resistance to rotational displacement in a tooth and mucosa borne denture

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30
Q

How is indirect retention achieved

A

By placing a rest perpendicular to the terminal hinge axis

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31
Q

What is the sulcus

A

A space that is created by impression materials between the tongue, lips and cheeks

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32
Q

Where should flanges extend to

A

Flange should extend to the functional depth

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33
Q

When are flanges said to be over extended

A

When they extend beyond the functional depth of the denture

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34
Q

What can happen if flanges are over extended

A

They are unstable in function. as the sulcus pushes the denture out

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35
Q

What can happen if flanges are under extended

A

They are unstable in function due to loss of suction

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36
Q

What is occlusion

A

The precise way in which the upper arch meets the lower arch

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37
Q

What do occlusal rests to

A

They act as tooth support and keep the clasps in position

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38
Q

Where do occlusal rests sit

A

They sit on top of the tooth and extend up to 1/3 of the occlusal surface

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39
Q

What do occlusal rests act on

A

The long axis of the tooth

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40
Q

how much horizontal depth is required for cobalt chrome dentures

A

0.25mm

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41
Q

How long must clasp be

A

15mm

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42
Q

Why do clasps have to be 15mm

A

So that it is flexible enough to be taken in and out of the undercut

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43
Q

Which teeth can’t we clasp with occlsuallt approaching clasps and why

A

we can’t clasp canines/premolars As the clasps require at least 15mm

44
Q

What are guide places

A

Flat surfaces cut into the enamel of teeth which are parallel to the path of insertion

45
Q

Which system do we need to use on lower free ended saddles

A

RPI

46
Q

What does the RPI system stand for

A

media Rest
distal guide Plane
retentive I bar

47
Q

What are connectors

A

They are th rigid component of the denture that holds all the other parts together

48
Q

Name the 2 subcategories fro connectors

A

Major and minor

49
Q

What do major connector do

A

Connect the left and right side of the denture

50
Q

What do minor connector do

A

Branch from majors to various components

51
Q

How do we classify saddles

A

Using the Kennedy class system

52
Q

Name the different Kennedy classes

A

Class I, II, III, IV

53
Q

What is a Kennedy class I

A

Bi lateral free end saddle

54
Q

What is a Kennedy class II

A

Uni lateral free end saddle

55
Q

What is a Kennedy class III

A

Bounded saddle

56
Q

What is a Kennedy class IV

A

Saddle anterior to abutment teeth

57
Q

Name the 4 principles of designing cobalt chrome dentures

A
  1. Avoid gingival overage as this promotes plaque accumulation
  2. Provide a denture with good support
  3. Make sure the connector is rigid to distribute the loads evenly
  4. Keep it simple
58
Q

Name the 8 steps to designing cobalt chrome dentures

A
  1. Saddles
  2. Support
  3. Retention
  4. Bracing/ Reciprocation
  5. Guide planes
  6. Connectors
  7. Review points of design
  8. Review principles of design
59
Q

Why might we decide to replace teeth

A
  1. Aesthetics
  2. Masticatory efficiency
  3. Prevent drifting and over eruption
  4. phonetics
60
Q

Why might we decide against replacing teeth

A
  1. Plaque trap
  2. Trauma
  3. Patient tolerence
  4. Cost
61
Q

Where do saddles extend to in the lower arch

A

Functional depth of the sulcus

As far back as the pear shaped pad

62
Q

Where do saddles extend to in the lower arch

A

Functional depth of the sulcus

As far back as the hamular notch

63
Q

Why do we extend the saddles as far back as possible?

A

To distribute the load over greater area

This is to decrease the pressure on underlying mucosa

64
Q

Where do we look for support on bounded saddles

A

On the nearest surface of each abutment tooth

65
Q

On lower free ended saddles where do we look for support

A

On the mesial side of the abutment tooth

66
Q

Why do we look for support on mesial side of the abutment tooth on a lower free ended saddle

A

As it reduces the amount of torque on the abutment

Important on the lower arch as there is no palatal coverage to spread load

67
Q

When deciding where to put a rest seat what must we consider?

A

Must make sure there is room in the occlusion for rest seat

68
Q

What determines the retentive force?

A

The horizontal depth of the undercut

69
Q

Which portion of a ring claps engages in the undercut

A

The terminal third

70
Q

What can we do if the tooth we want to clap has no undercut

A

We can add composite

71
Q

How big must our undercut be

A

0.25MM

72
Q

What can happen is there is too much undercut

A

The posterior 2/3 will engage with the undercut resulting the clasp distortion and damage to the tooth

73
Q

How can we remove undercuts

A

By cutting a guide plane or adding composite

74
Q

Why might we want to place a guide plane?B

A
  1. For single path insertion
  2. For reciprocation on vulnerable teeth
  3. For indirect restoration
  4. To create a path of insertion hat is radically differ from the path of displacement
75
Q

What must major connectors be able to do

A

Must be rigid enough to spread lateral forces across the arch

76
Q

Name some connectors we can place in the upper arch

A
  1. Anterior palatal bar
  2. Mid palatal bar
  3. Posterior palatal bar
  4. Horse shoe
  5. Palatal plate
  6. Ring
77
Q

When might a ring connector not be suitable

A

For free ended saddles as there is not enough coverage to spread load and create suction

78
Q

Name some connectors we can place in the upper arch

A
  1. Lingual bar
  2. Sub lingual bar
  3. Lingual plate
  4. Dental bar
  5. Buccal bar
79
Q

How much lingual sulcus depth do we need for a lingual bar

A

5MM

80
Q

How much lingual sulcus depth do we need for a SUB lingual bar

A

8MM

81
Q

Where is the denture bearing area in the lower arch

A
  1. As far as the external oblique ridge
  2. As far back as depressor anguli oris & depressor labial inferior
  3. Buccal shelf
82
Q

Where is the buccal shelf

A

Portion between the alveolar ridge that remains after extraction & EOR

83
Q

What do find in the lingual sulcus

A

The mylohyoid muscle & further back the retromylohyoid area

84
Q

Where is the denture bearing area in the upper arch

A
  1. The buccal sulcus

2. The palate

85
Q

Name the 4 different impression philosophies

A
  1. Muco displasie
  2. Muco static
  3. Differential pressure
  4. Functional
86
Q

Which impression philosophy have we adopted right now

A

aim to be relatively muco static at rest

87
Q

List some of the properties the materials we use to take impressions need to be

A
  1. Lowish viscosity
  2. Elastic
  3. Dimensional stability
  4. Hydrophilic
  5. Handling properties (decent working time, mixing time and setting time)
88
Q

Name the different types of impression trays

A
  1. Ridgid acrylic tray
  2. Spaced fro lower pressure
  3. Perforated tray
89
Q

What do we want our impressions to capture

A
  1. The teeth
  2. Extent of the denture bearing area
  3. Functional depth of the sulcus (where denture flange will be imposing)
  4. Oral mucosa at rest
  5. Good surface detail achieved
90
Q

When recording the occlusion what are we aiming to capture

A
  1. The Spatial relationship between upper and lower arch

2. The position the technician should place the missing teeth

91
Q

When do we conform to the original occlusion

A
  1. Patients with a stable ICP

2. When occlusal contacts are good

92
Q

When do we rearrange the original occlusion

A
  1. When there is no occlusal stop
  2. The occlusal stops are unstable
  3. Advanced dentistry reason
93
Q

How can we record the occlusion

A
  1. Hand articulated models
  2. Tooth borne registration
  3. Mucosa borne restoration
94
Q

When is it suitable to use hand articulated models

A

stable ICP and teeth require no guide

95
Q

What do you need to note down when using a hang articulated model

A

Points of contacts

96
Q

What is tooth borne registration down with

A

pink beauty wax perfected with a blue mouse record

97
Q

When is it suitable to use tooth borne registration

A

Need a good occlusal stop and good ICP to use this method

98
Q

When is it suitable to use mucosa borne registration

A

Suitable when there isn’t a stable ICP on the cast & position of replacement teeth needs a guide

99
Q

What is mucosa borne registration down with

A

We use a wax block and place blue moose over the top and get pt. to bite down

100
Q

Out of the 3 methods for recording occlusion which one do we use

A

mucosa borne registration

101
Q

How must the operator and patient be positioned when taking a lower impression

A
  1. Patient should be sat up right
  2. Mouth should be at elbow height
  3. Head should be supported
  4. Should have direct vision into lower arch
102
Q

How must the operator and patient be positioned when taking a upper impression

A
  1. Hand on the right side of the patient
  2. Should be slightly retroclined (about 45 degrees)
  3. Use left hand to retract the cheek
103
Q

How do we place a loaded tray into the mouth to take an impression

A

1, Insertion
2. Position
3, Seating

104
Q

What steps do we need to take before taking a priory impression

A

Select the tray
Adapt the tray
Take an alginate impression

105
Q

Name the different types of trays

A

Box tray

curved tray

106
Q

when are boxed trays used

A

in dentate patients

107
Q

When are curved trays used

A

For edentulous patients

3rd yr- CSB- summary sheets (6 decks)

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