Prostate Cancer Localized and Locally Advanced Treatment

Question 1

Answer 1

Table 1: Randomized Trials Comparing Observation versus Radical Prostatectomy

Question 2

Which treatment options are considered for localized prostate cancer?
A. Active surveillance
B. Radical prostatectomy
C. Radiation therapy
D. All of the above

Answer 2

All of the above
Explanation: Active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, and radiation therapy are all primary treatment options for localized prostate cancer. The choice of treatment is guided by prostate cancer risk stratification, patient life expectancy, assessment of oncologic and quality of life outcomes, and patient preference.

Question 3

What is the role of shared decision-making in prostate cancer management?
A. It emphasizes the critical role of an educated patient in choosing a management strategy.
B. It allows the doctor to make all the decisions.
C. It is a way to limit patient involvement in treatment decisions.
D. It is not important in prostate cancer management.

Answer 3

It emphasizes the critical role of an educated patient in choosing a management strategy.
Explanation: Shared decision-making between the patient, urologist, and radiation oncologist emphasizes the critical role of an educated patient in choosing a prostate cancer management strategy most consistent with an individual’s preferences and values.

Question 4

Which trial reported an improvement in overall and disease-specific mortality for men undergoing radical prostatectomy compared to watchful waiting?
A. Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study No. 4 (SPCG 4)
B. Prostate Cancer Intervention Versus Observation Trial (PIVOT)
C. Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) trial
D. None of the above

Answer 4

Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study No. 4 (SPCG 4)
Explanation: The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study No. 4 (SPCG 4) reported an improvement in overall and disease-specific mortality for men undergoing radical prostatectomy compared to watchful waiting.

Question 5

Which trial found that radical prostatectomy did not improve overall or disease-specific mortality but reduced the risk of progression and treatment for progression compared to watchful waiting?
A. Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study No. 4 (SPCG 4)
B. Prostate Cancer Intervention Versus Observation Trial (PIVOT)
C. Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) trial
D. None of the above

Answer 5

Prostate Cancer Intervention Versus Observation Trial (PIVOT)
Explanation: The Prostate Cancer Intervention Versus Observation Trial (PIVOT) found that radical prostatectomy did not improve overall or disease-specific mortality but reduced the risk of progression and treatment for progression compared to watchful waiting.

Question 6

In the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) trial, which group observed more metastases?
A. Active monitoring group
B. Surgery group
C. Radiation therapy group
D. There was no difference among the groups

Answer 6

Active monitoring group
Explanation: In the ProtecT trial, more metastases were observed in the active monitoring group compared to the surgery or radiation therapy groups.

Question 7

Answer 7

Table 2: Active Surveillance Inclusion Criteria for Current Protocols