Prostate cancer

Question 1

What is prostate cancer?

Answer 1

primary malignant neoplasm of the prostate gland

Question 2

What is the aetiology of prostate cancer?

Answer 2

Unknown

Question 3

List 4 risk factors for prostate cancer?

Answer 3

Age >50
Afro-Caribbean
FH
Dietary factors (high dietary fat)

Question 4

List 6 symptoms of prostate cancer

Answer 4

Frequency  
Hesitancy  
Poor stream 
Terminal dribbling  
Nocturia 
Dysuria

Question 5

Describe onset of prostate cancer

Answer 5

Often ASYMPTOMATIC

Question 6

List 2 signs of prostate cancer

Answer 6

Asymmetrical hard nodular prostate on DRE

Loss of midline sulcus

Question 7

What bloods should be taken for prostate cancer?

Answer 7

FBC 
U+Es 
PSA (not very specific test for prostate ca)  
LFTs  
Bone profile

Question 8

Why perform CT or MRI for prostate cancer?

Answer 8

Assesses extent of local invasion + lymph node involvement

Question 9

Describe the epidemiology of prostate cancer

Answer 9

COMMON
Most common cancer in M
2nd most common cause of male cancer deaths

Question 10

What symptoms can be caused by metastatic spread of prostate cancer?

Answer 10

Bone pain
Cord compression
FLAWS
Paraneoplastic syndromes (e.g. hypercalcaemia)

Question 11

Why perform an isotope bone scan for prostate cancer?

Answer 11

check for bone metastases

Question 12

What investigation can confirm diagnosis of prostate cancer?

Answer 12

Transrectal Ultrasound + Needle Biopsy