Prosopagnosia essay🐙 Flashcards
What is prosopagnosia?
A condition characterized by difficulty in recognizing faces.
What are the two types of prosopagnosia?
Congenital (CP) and Acquired (AP).
What are the core deficits of prosopagnosia?
Inability to recognize familiar faces, affecting social interaction and daily life.
What is the purpose of studying prosopagnosia in the given text?
To explore the differences between CP and AP, examine treatment options, and compare face processing deficits with another condition like ASD.
What is another name for congenital prosopagnosia (CP)?
Developmental or hereditary prosopagnosia.
How is CP defined?
A failure to develop the ability to recognize faces without neurological illness or brain injury (Bate & Tree, 2017).
What prevalence rate did Kennerknecht et al. (2006) find for CP?
2.5% in young adults in Germany.
What did Kennerknecht et al. observe about the familial nature of CP?
All 14 CPs in their study had family members with CP, suggesting a genetic basis.
What are common symptoms of CP?
Irritation in trying to recognize someone, failure to recognize familiar people, and mistakenly recognizing unfamiliar individuals.
When does CP typically onset, and when is it often realized?
Onset occurs in childhood, but many individuals only realize they have CP in adulthood.
Is CP associative or apperceptive?
Associative—faces are perceived but cannot be linked to identity.
What neuroanatomical finding is linked to CP?
Structural differences in the FFA (Behrmann et al., 2007).
What causes acquired prosopagnosia (AP)?
Brain injury or illness, making it a heterogeneous disorder.
What are the two types of AP, and how do they differ?
Apperceptive: Failure to perceive face structure.
Associative: Failure to link faces with identity or memory.
What is the range of symptoms in AP?
Symptoms range from partial deficits to complete inability to recognize faces.
Which brain regions are implicated in AP?
Lesions in the occipital face area (OFA) and fusiform face area (FFA).
What is the primary difficulty in apperceptive prosopagnosia (APP)?
Difficulty forming a holistic representation of faces, with severe cases failing to detect faces entirely.
What is the primary deficit in associative prosopagnosia (ACP)?
Ability to perceive faces but inability to recognize them as familiar or associate them with memory.
What other associations may be impaired in ACP?
Emotional and semantic associations.
What does the Haxby Model (2000) suggest about APP and ACP?
APP: Deficits in the core system (OFA and FFA).
ACP: Deficits in the extended system (e.g., amygdala, auditory cortex).
Who is WJ, and what is significant about his case?
A man with severe prosopagnosia after three strokes who could recognize individual sheep with 80-90% accuracy but struggled with human face recognition.
How does ASD affect face processing?
Reliance on individual facial features, difficulty recognizing and interpreting emotions, and slower responses to neutral expressions.
How do prosopagnosia and ASD differ in their effects?
Prosopagnosia affects identity recognition, while ASD impacts social and emotional processing.
Which brain regions are implicated in prosopagnosia and ASD, and how?
FFA: Impaired in both conditions, with different outcomes.
Amygdala: Atypical activation in ASD affects emotion recognition; less consistently implicated in prosopagnosia.
