Prosethic Valves Flashcards
Mechanical valves are durable, but need?
Blood thinners
A st Jude valve is what kind of valve?
Bi leaflet. Creating 3 orifices.
CarboMedics is what kind of valve?
Bi leaflet. 3 orifices
Starr-Edwards is what kind of valve?
Caged ball
Bjork-Shirley is what kind of valve?
Tilting disk. 2 orifices
Bjork-Shirley is what kind of valve?
Tilting disk. 2 orifices
Medtronic Hall is what kind of valve?
Tilting disk. 2 leaflets
I’m
Prosthetic valves do not require blood thinners, but are not as?
Durable
Which type of valves acoustic shadowing?
Mechanical
Homografts or allografts are what kind of valves?
Homo=human
Human tissue. Valves made from tissue of the same species.
Allografts or homografts are ___ preserved
Cryo-perserved
Allografts or homografts can have what 3 characteristics?
-stented
-unsteneted
-due matter brain covering
Heterografts are also known as?
Xenografts
Homografts are also known as?
Allografts
What is a xenograft?
AK.A heterograft
They are valves a made from tissue or a different species (animals)
What is an autograft?
A valve made of the patient own tissue
Autografts are made of what kind of covering?
Fascis lata ( thigh muscle)
Carpenter Edward’s is what kind of valve?
Bioprosthic- hertrograft (xenograft)
Hancock valve is what kind of valve?
Bioprosthetic. Heterograft (xenograft)
A dura matter covering on a valve belongs to what kind of valve?
Homograft (allograft)
Another word for xenograft is?
Heterograft
A biovine valve is made from
Cow
A porcine valve is made from?
Pig
What are the three reasons native valves are replaced?
Stenosis
Regurgitation
Infection
Which valve is the most repaired not replaced?
Mitral valve
____ valve is the most repaired not replaced
MV
Valve repairs are becoming more ____, with the ____ & ___ rings or annuloplastises.
Common; carpenter ; duran
What’s a annuloplasty?
A procedure to repair or reinforce a heart valve. With an annuloplasty a ring surrounds your heart valve (annulus). This band reinforces the ring to help your heart valve close.
Carpenter or Duran rings are a type of?
Annuloplasty for repair of the native valve
Describe the Ross procedure
Involves moving the pulmonic valve into the aortic valve position Removing the aortic valve. Replacing
the pulmonic valve with the homograft.
The right and left main coronary arteries must be moved and reattached as well.
What is the name of the dual valve surgery for congenital aortic stenosis?
Ross procedure
What is the indication for the Ross procedure to be performed?
Congenital AS
The Ross procedure is overall what kind of valve replacement?
Autograft. Because it’s your own human tissue pulmonic valve replacing the aortic stenotic one.
What is the pulmonary autographed procedure called?
Ross procedure
All prosthetic valves have a?
Transvalvular gradient
True or false- most mechanical valves do not have built-in regurgitation
False. They do.
What are some complications of prosthetic valves?
- thrombus formation
-Perivalvular leak
-Ring abcesses - Pannus formation
-dehiscene / valve degeneration
-hemolysis
-endocarditis
-systemic embolus
What is pannus formation? And is it a complication of prosthetic valves?
ingrowth of fibrous tissue into the valve apparatus causing valve disruption. Yes.
What is valve dehiscene?
Failure of the sutures of the anchoring the valve or ring to stay put. The sutures pull out from tissue. Rare.
True or false- bio prosthetic valves will always have a clicking sound
False. That’s mechanical valves.
True or false- echo findings associated with prosthetic valves are specific to each different valve.
True
What will prosthetic valves look like on echo?
Highly echogenic apparatus. Mechanical valves may hide adjacent structures due to shadowing.
Mechanical valve motion is best studied by?
M-mode to view maximum disc motion
A dehisced valve will ___, ___ to attachment.
Rock ; relative
Pannus means?
Overgrowth of host tissue
Which mechanical prosthetic valve will have higher effects of shadowing and masking of structures on TTE,
- Aortic mechanical valve
- Mitral mechanical valve
- Mitral mechanical valve
On Doppler valves should always be checked for ?
Peri prosthetic leaks around the sewing ring
True or false- it’s normal for all prosthetic valves to have some trans valvular gradients, and some regurgitation
True
What modality is necessary for evaluating mitral regurg, especially during intraoperative monitoring of leaks or success of a valvuloplasties?
TEE
True or false - you should always measure peak and mean ingredients across all prosthetic valves
True
Which type of valve may have higher general gradient?
Starr-Edward’s (ball and cage mechanical)
