Prose techniques

Question 1

Narrative techniques

Answer 1

• simple chronology
• framed narratives
• flashbacks
• cyclical structure
• multiple narrators
• foreshadowing
• Analeptic narrative= flash backs
• Proleptic narrative= flash forward
• stream of unconsciousness
• Episodic novel= loosely connected events connected by a character . Change over time.
• Epistolary= tell the story through letters
• Privileged position
• Shifts in tone

Question 2

Time and place techniques

Answer 2

• Time and sequence to add complexity
• Ways of describing settings
• How choices of places can change readers POV

Question 3

Characterization techniques

Answer 3

• Physical appearances
• Is it realistic? or are they a caricature? why?
• shifts to focus on others
• symbolism
• gaps in knowledge and why?
• empathy/lack of towards
• conflict
• pathos associated= so is there any emotional appeal to this character?
• are they a vehicle for the author’s views?= use of direct/indirect speech

Question 4

Perspective techniques

Answer 4

-Types of narration=

1st- I/ i’ve

2nd- you,

-3rd-he/she/they
provides you with the POV of that character OR centre of consciousness OR multiple narrators

• Events through different perspectives: physical, ideological, perceptual, marginalized POV
• Ambiguity through the indirect speech or patterns and changes in speech
• (un) reliable narrators
• self-reflexive narrators
• omniscient narrators
• free indirect speech= narrator reports the character’s feelings as if they feel it
• Intrusive narrator= pulls focus from story to comment on something else, or puts narrator’s feelings into the story
• novel’s artifice= novel’s trick