Proprioception

Question 1

What is Proprioception?

Answer 1

Body’s ability to transmit afferent information to the CNS in regards to position sense. CNS has ability to interpret that information and produce efferent motor response consciously or subconsciously to allow effective posture and movement.

Question 2

Kinesthesia

Answer 2

sense of human body in motion

Question 3

Somatosensory Receptors

Answer 3

transform stimulating mechanical, chemical, and thermal energy into electrical energy (AP)

Are found throughout body: skin, viscera, muscle joints, CT

**Specialized endigns of primary afferent neurons (send from periphery to CNS)

Question 4

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 4

detect mechanical compression or stretch of receptor or adjacent tissue

Question 5

Thermoreceptors

Answer 5

detect heat and cold (specific one for each)

Question 6

Nocioreceptors

Answer 6

detect tissue damage (chemical or physical)

Question 7

Chemoreceptor

Answer 7

detect chemical environment of body systems

–blood oxygen levels, bodily fluid concentrations

Question 8

Electromagentic receptors

Answer 8

retinal (light) receptors

Question 9

Slowly adapting receptor

Answer 9

receptor that responds slowly to stimulation and continues firing as long as the stimulus continues (GTO, Muscle Spindles)

Question 10

Rapidly adapting receptor

Answer 10

receptor that responds quickly to stimulation but that rapidly accommodates and stops firing if the stimulus remains constant (Pacinian Corpuscles)

Question 11

Muscle Spindles

Answer 11

Respond to stretch

Stimulation –> Contraction

Question 12

GTO

Answer 12

Detects Tension
Responds to both contraction and stretch
Stimulation –> Muscle Relaxation

Question 13

Joint Receptors

Answer 13

Located w/in CT of joint capsule and surrounding ligaments

2 types:
Ruffini endings
Pacinian Corpuscles

Question 14

Ruffini Endings

Answer 14

Located in jt capsule on flexion side of jt
Respond to extreme ROM into extension with rotation
Protect unstable joints

Question 15

Pacinian Corpuscles

Answer 15

Located throughout jt capsule, joint, and periarticular tissues

Very fast adapting
Respond to compression forces across jt. (cuttting, landing from jump)

Question 16

Ligament Receptors

Answer 16

Usually not active when jt is in mid range of motion

• Stimulated as joint nears end ROM to protect ligament from being sprained
• Inhibit agonist contraction so that motion is deterred and stress decreases on ligament

Question 17

Neuromuscular Control

Answer 17

Interaction of sensory and motor systems

allows synergists, agonists, antagonists, and stabilizers to anticipate or respond to information from internal and external environment

Question 18

Spinal Cord

Answer 18

Simplest form of efferent response-spinal reflex
Also used to adjust for minor changes in joint stress to protect joint integrity
Occurs subconsciously

Question 19

Brainstem

Answer 19

Includes Medulla, Pons, and Midbrain
Detects changes in posture and balance—receives information pertaining to visual and vestibular function
So if spinal reflex is insufficient afferent info will continue to travel to brainstem

Question 20

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 20

Highest level of the brain
Responsible for volitional control of mvmt
Mvmt is conscious and learned before it becomes a subconscious mvmt

Question 21

Balance

Answer 21

ability to align body segments against gravity to maintain or move the body within base of support w/o falling

sensory and motor systems interact

Question 22

Static Balance

Answer 22

maintaining same position on level surface

Question 23

Dynamic Balance

Answer 23

activity when you are moving over a surface or surface moves under you

Question 24

What sensory information does brainstem receive for balance?

Answer 24

Vision-eyes
Vestibular System-ears
Proprioception or somatosensory system

Question 25

Coordination

Answer 25

Correct timing and sequencing of muscle activation patterns with appropriate intensity of contraction leading to effective movement

Question 26

Agility

Answer 26

ability to rapidly change directions while maintaining control

Question 27

Stability/Motor Control

Answer 27

maintaining neuromuscular control during movement | Must go from static to dynamic

Question 28

Core Stability

Answer 28

Foundation of all UE and LE mvmt in human body Should move FROM core not AROUND it Ability to maintain motor control of core is both neuromuscular and strength/endurance

Question 29

Inhibition of NMC following injury

Answer 29

Increase in pain increase in pressure inflammation muscle guarding inhibit a-motor neuron due to inflammation disruption of mechanoreceptors due to inflammation

Question 30

Restoring NMC

Answer 30

Start with core move distal Restore correct MAP Progress from static isometric-static concentric/eccentric

Question 31

Techniques to restore NMC

Answer 31

``` Practice Precise verbal instructions Stabilize Core Biofeedback Perform mvmt in front of mirror Tape Tactile cues ```

Question 32

Challenge progression

Answer 32

Change surfaces | Recognize and unrecognize perturbations (ball toss, commands)

Question 33

Progressing NMC

Answer 33

1) static isometrics for individual muscle groups 2) static isometrics in sequence of correct activation patterns 3) static concentric/eccentric w/ mvmt 4) Broken down seq. of dynamic mvmt focusing on correct activation pattern 5) full dynamic mvmt with correct activation pattern

Question 34

Supine on mat

Answer 34

The glute bridge - Core Activation - Glute Activation - Quad/Hamstring Activation

Question 35

Fxnal Mvmt Screen

Answer 35

``` Squat Hip Mobility Step Over In-line Lunge Rotary Stability TSPU Shoulder Mobility ASLR ```