Propositions and images & Concepts and categories

Question 1

The dual-coding theory

Answer 1

Paivio (1971-1991) - two distinct systems for the representation and processing of information - verbal (linguistic information stored in verbal form) & nonverbal (image-based processing and representation; each of these is further divided into subsystems processing either verbal or nonverbal info in the different modalities

Question 2

Kosslyn’s Computational Model of Imagery

Answer 2

• visual images are represented in a special spatial medium
• the medium has four essential properties (i) functions as a limited space with a shape and a capacity to depict spatial relations (ii) highest resolution is at its center (iii) it has a grain that obscures details on ‘small’ images (iv) once the image is generated in the medium, it begins to fade
• to forms of data structures in LTM - image files (analog; info about how images are represented in the medium) and propositional files (info about the parts of objects and how they are related).
• a variety of processes use image files, propositional files, and the spatial medium in order to generate, interpret, and transform images

Question 3

Typicality gradients of categories

Answer 3

How typical a member of a category is (a robins is considered a better example of a bird than a canary (Rosch, 1973))

Question 4

The three levels of abstraction in categorical hierarchies:

Answer 4

basic, subordinate, and superordinate