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Pharmacology > Propofol: An Overview > Flashcards

Propofol: An Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the three main uses for propofol

A
  1. Induction
  2. Maintenance
  3. Sedation
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2
Q

What is the induction dose of propofol in a young adult?

A

2mg/kg

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3
Q

What is the chemical name for propofol?

A

2,6 di-isopropyl phenol

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4
Q

What is the pH of propofol?

A

7.4

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5
Q

What is the pKa of propofol?

A

11

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6
Q

Propofol is insoluble in water T/F

A

True. It is formulated as an emulsion, dissolved in soya bean oil emulsified in purified egg phospholipid. The ampoules also contain disodium edetate or metabisulphite to inhibit bacterial growth.

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7
Q

Propofol is virtually non-ionized and highly lipid soluble T/F

A

True

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8
Q

The ampoules also contain disodium edetate or metabisulphite to inhibit bacterial growth T/F

A

True

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9
Q

A 1% solution of a substance contains 1 g in __ml?

A

100ml

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10
Q

What volume of a 1% solution would be needed to give 180 mg of propofol to a patient?

A

18ml

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11
Q

Roughly what dose of injected propofol is bound to plasma protein?

A

98%

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12
Q

What is the distribution half life of propofol?

A

2-8 min

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13
Q

What is the elimination half life of propofol?

A

Up to 6 hours

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14
Q

Propofol is very rapidly cleared from the blood and has a clearance rate of 1.5 to 2.2 L/min T/F

A

True

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15
Q

What are the two metabolic pathways involved in metabolism of propofol?

A

Conjugation to glucuronide and hydroxylation to quinol which is subsequently glucuronidated (liver).

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16
Q

Because it is poorly ionized, propofol is highly lipid soluble. True or false?

A

True

17
Q

What is the definition of pharmacodynamics?

A

Pharmacodynamics can be considered to be ‘what the drug does to the body’.

18
Q

How does propofol induce hypotension?

A

An induction dose of propofol reduces the systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure by about 25 to 40%. This is due to vasodilatation and a reduction in pre and after load. Propofol also has a slightly negative inotropic effect.

19
Q

During induction of anaesthesia, the dose should be titrated against the loss of the eye lash reflex T/F

A

False. The loss of eye lash reflex is delayed and the dose should be titrated against loss of verbal contact with the patient.

20
Q

Propofol increases the intracranial pressure T/F

A

False. Propofol reduces cerebral metabolic rate and cerebral blood flow. Intracranial pressure is reduced.

21
Q

Propofol is contraindicated in patients with bronchial asthma T/F

A

False. Propofol is considered safe to be used in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic airway disease.

22
Q

Propofol has an antiemetic action T/F

A

True. Propofol has an antiemetic action.

23
Q

In a healthy patient who is having his surgery done as a day-case, propofol would be the agent of choice to induce anaesthesia because of its cardiovascular stability. T/F

A

False - propofol is the agent of choice for use in day-case surgery, not because of its cardiovascular stability but because of the short duration of action and the superior quality of recovery after its use which allows for early discharge of patients. Its antiemetic property is also useful in day-case anaesthesia. Propofol produces hypotension to a greater extent that other intravenous induction agents.

24
Q

List 4 side effects of propofol

A
  1. Pain on injection
  2. Respiratory depression
  3. Hypotension
  4. Anaphylaxis (rare)
25
Q

Propofol is a barbiturate T/F

A

False. Propofol is a phenol and not a barbiturate.

26
Q

Propofol is insoluble in water T/F

A

True. Propofol is insoluble in water and is formulated in soya bean oil and egg phosphatide.

27
Q

Propofol if accidentally injected outside a vein can cause tissue necrosis T/F

A

False. Unlike thiopental, propofol does not cause tissue necrosis on extravasation.

28
Q

Propofol is mainly excreted unchanged by the kidneys T/F

A

False. Propofol is metabolised mainly in the liver and also in the lung. Only less than 1% is excreted unchanged by the kidneys.

29
Q

Propofol is highly lipid-soluble T/F

A

True. Propofol is largely un-ionized and therefore highly lipid-soluble.

30
Q

Propofol decreases arterial blood pressure to a greater degree than thiopental T/F

A

True. Propofol decreases arterial blood pressure to a greater degree than thiopental.

31
Q

Propofol depresses upper airway reflexes T/F

A

True. This allows easy passage of laryngeal mask airway after induction with propofol.

32
Q

Propofol causes an increase in cerebral blood flow T/F

A

False. Propofol reduces cerebral metabolism and reduces cerebral blood flow.

33
Q

Propofol does not affect the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide T/F

A

False. Propofol depresses the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide.

34
Q

Propofol

A

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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