Propofol Flashcards
What is Propofol and its main uses in anesthesia?
Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic widely used for its rapid onset and short action duration, ideal for short procedures, outpatient surgeries, and ICU sedation.
Describe the onset and recovery characteristics of Propofol.
Propofol’s action begins within 30 seconds to a minute, facilitating quick recovery post-procedure, making it optimal for reducing recovery room time.
How does Propofol affect induction and emergence from anesthesia?
Propofol ensures smooth induction and emergence, offering a calm awakening and reducing post-operative agitation and delirium.
What are Propofol’s antiemetic properties?
Propofol significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, enhancing patient comfort post-surgery.
Explain the neuroprotective effects of Propofol.
Propofol has potential neuroprotective effects, beneficial in neurosurgical procedures or traumatic brain injury by decreasing brain metabolic rate and harmful molecule production.
Discuss Propofol’s antioxidant properties.
Propofol’s antioxidant properties may contribute to neuroprotection and mitigate oxidative stress during surgery.
Why is Propofol commonly used for ICU sedation?
Its rapid onset and short duration allow for easy sedation level adjustments and titration, crucial for critically ill patients.
Describe Propofol’s bronchodilatory effects.
Propofol can relax airway muscles, providing bronchodilatory effects beneficial for patients with asthma or airway issues.
How does Propofol maintain hemodynamic stability?
Propofol has minimal effects on blood pressure and heart rate, important for hemodynamic stability during surgery.
Detail Propofol’s mechanism of action.
Propofol enhances GABA-A receptor affinity for GABA, leading to increased chloride ion conductance, hyperpolarization, and suppression of neuronal activity.
What is the chemical structure of Propofol?
Propofol is a 2, 6-diisopropyl phenol.
How is Propofol formulated and why?
Propofol is prepared as a lipid emulsion (soybean oil, glycerol, and egg lecithin) to facilitate intravenous administration and stability.
Discuss the handling and administration guidelines for Propofol.
Propofol should be administered within 6 hours of opening to prevent bacterial growth, under aseptic conditions.
Explain the pharmacokinetics of Propofol related to hepatic blood flow.
Propofol’s clearance exceeds hepatic blood flow, indicating significant extrahepatic metabolism.
How does Propofol affect cerebral and intraocular pressures?
Propofol decreases cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption, intracranial pressure, and intraocular pressure, while preserving cerebral autoregulation.
What cardiovascular effects does Propofol have?
Propofol decreases systemic vascular resistance, preload, and cardiac contractility, and impairs arterial baroreflex response to hypotension.
Discuss the unique effects of Propofol on the central nervous system.
Propofol may cause disinhibition leading to spontaneous excitatory movements and myoclonus, but also has anticonvulsant properties.
What are the implications of Propofol use in patients with allergies?
Propofol contains egg lecithin, so patients with egg allergies might demonstrate hypersensitivity, especially to egg white proteins.
Define Propofol infusion syndrome and its risks.
Propofol infusion syndrome is a rare but serious condition including cardiomyopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and metabolic acidosis, among other symptoms.
How is Propofol dosing affected in older adults?
A smaller induction dose is recommended for older adults due to a smaller volume of distribution.
Describe the metabolism and elimination of Propofol.
Propofol is metabolized in the liver to inactive metabolites, then eliminated by renal clearance, unaffected by cirrhosis or kidney failure.
Address the effects of Propofol on systemic vascular resistance and preload.
Propofol decreases systemic vascular resistance and preload, which can affect blood pressure and cardiac output during surgery.
Explain the potential for bacterial growth in Propofol formulations.
Propofol’s lipid emulsion can support bacterial growth, necessitating careful handling and aseptic administration practices.
