Properties of Water Flashcards
What is the geometry of water?
Tetrahedral
Water is a very polar molecule, true or false?
True
Water has a high melting point, a high boiling point, high viscosity, high
surface tension, high dielectric constant, high heat of vaporization and a high heat capacity, true or false?
True
When water hydrogen bonds its first H, it becomes easier to making a second, and third, and fourth, etc. is cooperative or uncooperative & what is this called?
Cooperative; Mutual Reinforcement
What is the melting point, boiling point, and heat of vapor of water?
0C, 100C, 2,260 (J/g)
each water molecule acts as a donor and acceptor for at least __ H bonds
Two
In relation to ions in water, what is it called when water surrounds ions?
Hydration shells
The greater the net charge, the ___ the solubility of water
Greater
Which polar functional group capable of forming H are soluble in water? (there’s 7)
Hydroxyls, amines, amides, sulfhydryl, carboxylates, esters, & ketones
True or False: Water is a good solvent for nonpolar molecules?
False
Define a Clathrate structure
Hydrophobic molecules being surrounded in an ice like hydrogen bonding structure by water molecules
The formation of a Clathrate structure causes a decrease in ____ which aid in the insolubility of nonpolar molecules
Entropy
____ have a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part such as fatty acids and detergents
Amphiphiles
To maximize the entropy, amphiphiles form ___ & ___
micelles and bilayers
Micelle formation frees ordered water
molecules increasing the____?
entropy of the system
Define hydrophobic interactions in terms of micelle formation
The forces that hold the nonpolar regions (tails) of the molecules together out of the aqueous solvent (The strength of hydrophobic interactions are entropy driven)
True or False: Hydrophobic interactions drive globular protein folding, DNA double helix formation and membrane
formation
True
True or False: Biological membranes are permeable to water, but impermeable to ions and large polar molecules
True
Define Osmosis
Water molecules move spontaneously from a region of high concentration to the region of low concentration
Solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane that are of equal molar concentration of solute, the solutions are said to be? What will happen to the membrane?
Isotonic; no net movement of water across the membrane
If the solution surrounding the semipermeable membrane has a
higher molar concentration of solute than the solution inside of the
membrane, the solution is said to be? what will happen to the membrane?
Hypertonic; water will rush out of the cell
If the solution surrounding the semipermeable membrane has a
lower molar concentration of solute than the solution inside of the
membrane, the solution is said to be? What will happen to the membrane?
Hypotonic; water will rush into the cell causing the cell to swell and bust (osmotic lysis)
