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Physical and inorganic chemistry > Properties of Period 3 elements and their oxides > Flashcards

Properties of Period 3 elements and their oxides Flashcards

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1
Q

how do Na and Mg react?

A

both react ionically to form positive ions

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2
Q

which is more reactive, Na or Mg, and why?

A

Na is more reactive than Mg because it only has to lose one electron (whereas Mg has to lose two) so less energy is required to ionise it

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3
Q

what do the period 3 elements react with oxygen to form?

A

oxides in their highest oxidation state

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4
Q

what are the oxides that form form the period 3 elements:
- phosphorus
- aluminium

A

P4O10
Al2O3

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5
Q

what is required for sulfur trioxide (SO3) to form?

A

high temperatures and a catalyst

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6
Q

what affects the reactivity and melting points of the period 3 oxides?

A

structure and bonding

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7
Q

the reaction of Mg with water

A

Mg + 2H20 –> Mg(OH)2 + H2

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8
Q

the reaction of Mg with steam

A

Mg + H20 –> MgO + H2

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9
Q

how does Mg react with water?

A

very slowly

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10
Q

how does Mg react with steam?

A

vigorously, burning with a bright white flame

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11
Q

how does Na react with cold water?

A

vigorously, with lots of fizzing

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12
Q

how do the period 3 elements react in air?

A

Na, Mg, P and S react readily
Al and Si react slowly

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13
Q

what are Na2O, MgO and Al2O3?

A

ionic oxides (metal + non-metal)

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14
Q

why does MgO have a higher melting point than Na2O?

A

the Mg2+ ions are more strongly attracted to the oxygen than the Na+ ions

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15
Q

why do P4O10 and SO2 have low melting points?

A

they form simple molecular structures held together by VDWs and dipole-dipole forces (weak IMFs)

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16
Q

why does SiO2 have a higher melting point than the other non-metal oxides?

A

it has a giant macromolecular structure containing strong covalent bonds which require a lot of energy to overcome

17
Q

why does Al2O3 have a lower than expected melting point?

A

because there is a smaller difference in electronegativity between Al and O so the oxygen ions don’t attract the electrons in the metal-oxygen bond as strongly as in MgO

18
Q

what are the bonds in Al2O3?

A

partially covalent

19
Q

are covalent oxides alkaline or acidic?

A

acidic

20
Q

is Al2O3 soluble in water

A

no Al2O3 is insoluble in water due to its slight covalent character

21
Q

acid + base –> ?

A

acid + base –> salt + water

22
Q

what does it mean if a compound is amphoteric?

A

it can react as an acid and as a base

23
Q

basic oxides neutralise ?

A

basic oxides neutralise acids

24
Q

acidic oxides neutralise ?

A

acidic oxides neutralise bases

25
Q

amphoteric oxides neutralise ?

A

amphoteric oxides neutralise acids and bases

26
Q

do Na2O, MgO and Al2O3 have high or low melting points? why?

A

high melting points because they form giant ionic lattices

27
Q

what solutions form when ionic oxides react with water?

A

alkaline solutions because the O2- ions accept H+ ions from the water molecules to form OH- ions

28
Q

why is the solution formed when MgO reacts with water less alkaline than when Na2O reacts with water?

A

Na2O is more soluble in water so more OH- are produced

29
Q

what do simple covalent oxides form when added to water? why?

A

acidic solutions because they react to form an acid which then dissociates to release H+ ions

30
Q

what are P4O10 and SO2?

A

simple covalent oxides

31
Q

phosphorus oxide + water –> ?

A

phosphorus oxide + water –> phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

32
Q

sulfur dioxide + water –> ?

A

sulfur dioxide + water –> sulphuric (IV) acid (H2SO3!)

33
Q

sulfur trioxide + water –> ?

A

sulfur dioxide + water –> sulphuric acid (VI) (H2SO4!)

34
Q

how does SiO2 react with water?

A

SiO2 is insoluble in water because it’s many strong covalent bonds take a lot of energy to overcome

35
Q

what is SiO2 classed as?

A

an acid because it will react with a base to form a salt

36
Q

what is Al2O3 classed as?

A

amphoteric as t all react with both acids and bases to form a salt

37
Q

when aluminium oxide is acting as an acid and reacts with a base, no ? is produced

A

no water is produced - only the salt

Physical and inorganic chemistry (7 decks)

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