Properties of Organic Molecules

Question 1

How many bonds does carbon have with other atoms?

Answer 1

• 4 bonds

- Tetravalent: 4 valence electrons are shared to make an an octet

Question 2

Alkane

Answer 2

single bonds between carbons

Question 3

Alkene

Answer 3

double bonds between carbons

Question 4

Alkyne

Answer 4

triple bonds between carbons

Question 5

What is Electron negativity?

Answer 5

Numerical rating of the atoms capability of attracting electrons in a covalent bond

Question 6

What is a Polar Covalent bond?

Answer 6

When Electrons are shared unequally between two atoms

Question 7

More electronegative atom has what partial charge?

Answer 7

Partial negative charge

Question 8

Less electronegative atom has what partial charge?

Answer 8

Partial postitive charge

Question 9

Does the Polarity of a covalent bond increase or decrease

Answer 9

It increases with increasing electronegativity differences

Question 10

Carbon and Hydrogen share bonds with what electronegative atoms?

Answer 10

Oxygen and Nitrogen

Question 11

What are functional groups?

Answer 11

• Atoms or groups of atoms within a molecule that have characteristic chemical or physical properties
• molecules with the same functional groups have similar properties and react in similar predictable ways

Question 12

What is an amine

Answer 12

Contain nitrogen (R-NH2) (CH3-NH2)

Question 13

What is an ether

Answer 13

Contains Oxygen (R-OR) (CH3-O-CH3)

Question 14

What is an alcohol ?

Answer 14

Contains and OH group (R-OH) (CH3-OH)

Question 15

What is a carbonyl group?

& name the different carbonyl compounds

Answer 15

A carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom 
carbonyl compounds include:
- aldehyde 
- ketone
- Ester
- Carboxylic Acid
- Amide

Question 16

What is boiling point?

Answer 16

Temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas

Question 17

What is solubility

Answer 17

Maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent

Question 18

1. What are the different kinds of intermolecular forces?
2. What one is the strongest and which is the weakest?
3. Are the fires between Between polar or non polar molecules?

Answer 18

1. London dispersion forces- between polar molecules
2. Dipole-Dipole forces- between Polar molecules
3. Hydrogen bonding- between molecules of OH or N-H bonds
   - London Dispersion forces are weakest
   - hydrogen bonding is the strongest

Question 19

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 19

• Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because of its motion.