Properties of muscles Flashcards
What 2 things does muscle contraction do?
Produce heat
Produce movement
What is the structure of the muscle cell from the outside?
Fascia.
Epimysium.
Perimysium.
Endomysium.
What is a fascia?
A fibrous connective tissue that surrounds outside the muscle and connects the tendon to the epimysium.
What is epimysium?
A course sheath that covers the muscle entirely.
What is perimysium?
Tough connective tissue that bundles fascicles together.
What is endomysium?
Delicate connective tissue membrane covering skeletal muscle fibers.
What filaments does actin have?
Thick filaments
What filaments does myosin have?
Thin filaments
WHat is a myofibril made up of?
Thick and thin filaments
What is the control center of the muscle cell?
The nucleus
What stores calcium irons that are important in the contraction of muscle cells?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
What is the plasma membrane of the muscle cell?
Sarcolemma
What are the different terms to describe muscle size from largest to smallest?
Vastus.
Maximus
Longus.
Minimus.
Brevis.
What are the 11 different muscle shapes?
Broad
Narrow
Long
Tapering
Short
Blunt
Triangular
Quadrilateral
Irregular
Flat sheets
Bulky masses
What are the 6 muscle shapes?
Circular
Pennate
Fusiform
Parallel
Convergent
Spiral
What is a parallel muscle?
Strap-like muscle with parallel fascicles e.g sartorius
What is a convergent muscle?
Fascicles that converge out from a small point of attachment to a large point of attachment e.g pectoralis major.
What is a pennate muscle?
Fascicles with feather-like appearance that have different number of attachments e.g deltoid.
What three types of pennate muscles are there?
Unipennate - Flexor pollicis longus
Bipennate - Rectus femoris
Multipennate - Deltoid
What is a fusiform muscle?
Fascicles that are close to parallel at the center but converge to a tendon at one or both ends e.g Brachioradialis
What is a spiral muscle?
Fibers that twist between their points of attachments e.g Lattismus dorsi
What is a circular muscle?
Encircle body tubes or openings e.g orbicularis oris
What does the term origin mean regarding muscle attachment?
Muscle attached to the body that does not move during an action.
What does the term insertion mean regarding muscle attachment?
Muscle attached to the body that does move during an action.
What are the 3 muscle actions called?
Prime mover (agonist)
Antagonist
Synergist (can also be fixator)
What does an agonist muscle do?
It is the contracting muscle in an action.
What does an antagonist muscle do?
It is opposing the contracting muscle and stays relaxed in an action.
What does a synergist muscle do?
It assists the prime mover in an action by recruiting muscle fibers from a connecting muscle to contract with the contracting muscle during an action.
