Properties of muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 things does muscle contraction do?

A

Produce heat

Produce movement

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2
Q

What is the structure of the muscle cell from the outside?

A

Fascia.
Epimysium.
Perimysium.
Endomysium.

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3
Q

What is a fascia?

A

A fibrous connective tissue that surrounds outside the muscle and connects the tendon to the epimysium.

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4
Q

What is epimysium?

A

A course sheath that covers the muscle entirely.

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5
Q

What is perimysium?

A

Tough connective tissue that bundles fascicles together.

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6
Q

What is endomysium?

A

Delicate connective tissue membrane covering skeletal muscle fibers.

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7
Q

What filaments does actin have?

A

Thick filaments

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8
Q

What filaments does myosin have?

A

Thin filaments

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9
Q

WHat is a myofibril made up of?

A

Thick and thin filaments

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10
Q

What is the control center of the muscle cell?

A

The nucleus

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11
Q

What stores calcium irons that are important in the contraction of muscle cells?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

What is the plasma membrane of the muscle cell?

A

Sarcolemma

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13
Q

What are the different terms to describe muscle size from largest to smallest?

A

Vastus.
Maximus
Longus.
Minimus.
Brevis.

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14
Q

What are the 11 different muscle shapes?

A

Broad
Narrow
Long
Tapering
Short
Blunt
Triangular
Quadrilateral
Irregular
Flat sheets
Bulky masses

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15
Q

What are the 6 muscle shapes?

A

Circular
Pennate
Fusiform
Parallel
Convergent
Spiral

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16
Q

What is a parallel muscle?

A

Strap-like muscle with parallel fascicles e.g sartorius

17
Q

What is a convergent muscle?

A

Fascicles that converge out from a small point of attachment to a large point of attachment e.g pectoralis major.

18
Q

What is a pennate muscle?

A

Fascicles with feather-like appearance that have different number of attachments e.g deltoid.

19
Q

What three types of pennate muscles are there?

A

Unipennate - Flexor pollicis longus
Bipennate - Rectus femoris
Multipennate - Deltoid

20
Q

What is a fusiform muscle?

A

Fascicles that are close to parallel at the center but converge to a tendon at one or both ends e.g Brachioradialis

21
Q

What is a spiral muscle?

A

Fibers that twist between their points of attachments e.g Lattismus dorsi

22
Q

What is a circular muscle?

A

Encircle body tubes or openings e.g orbicularis oris

23
Q

What does the term origin mean regarding muscle attachment?

A

Muscle attached to the body that does not move during an action.

24
Q

What does the term insertion mean regarding muscle attachment?

A

Muscle attached to the body that does move during an action.

25
Q

What are the 3 muscle actions called?

A

Prime mover (agonist)
Antagonist
Synergist (can also be fixator)

26
Q

What does an agonist muscle do?

A

It is the contracting muscle in an action.

27
Q

What does an antagonist muscle do?

A

It is opposing the contracting muscle and stays relaxed in an action.

28
Q

What does a synergist muscle do?

A

It assists the prime mover in an action by recruiting muscle fibers from a connecting muscle to contract with the contracting muscle during an action.