Properties of muscles

Question 1

What 2 things does muscle contraction do?

Answer 1

Produce heat

Produce movement

Question 2

What is the structure of the muscle cell from the outside?

Answer 2

Fascia.
Epimysium.
Perimysium.
Endomysium.

Question 3

What is a fascia?

Answer 3

A fibrous connective tissue that surrounds outside the muscle and connects the tendon to the epimysium.

Question 4

What is epimysium?

Answer 4

A course sheath that covers the muscle entirely.

Question 5

What is perimysium?

Answer 5

Tough connective tissue that bundles fascicles together.

Question 6

What is endomysium?

Answer 6

Delicate connective tissue membrane covering skeletal muscle fibers.

Question 7

What filaments does actin have?

Answer 7

Thick filaments

Question 8

What filaments does myosin have?

Answer 8

Thin filaments

Question 9

WHat is a myofibril made up of?

Answer 9

Thick and thin filaments

Question 10

What is the control center of the muscle cell?

Answer 10

The nucleus

Question 11

What stores calcium irons that are important in the contraction of muscle cells?

Answer 11

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

What is the plasma membrane of the muscle cell?

Answer 12

Sarcolemma

Question 13

What are the different terms to describe muscle size from largest to smallest?

Answer 13

Vastus.
Maximus
Longus.
Minimus.
Brevis.

Question 14

What are the 11 different muscle shapes?

Answer 14

Broad
Narrow
Long
Tapering
Short
Blunt
Triangular
Quadrilateral
Irregular
Flat sheets
Bulky masses

Question 15

What are the 6 muscle shapes?

Answer 15

Circular
Pennate
Fusiform
Parallel
Convergent
Spiral

Question 16

What is a parallel muscle?

Answer 16

Strap-like muscle with parallel fascicles e.g sartorius

Question 17

What is a convergent muscle?

Answer 17

Fascicles that converge out from a small point of attachment to a large point of attachment e.g pectoralis major.

Question 18

What is a pennate muscle?

Answer 18

Fascicles with feather-like appearance that have different number of attachments e.g deltoid.

Question 19

What three types of pennate muscles are there?

Answer 19

Unipennate - Flexor pollicis longus
Bipennate - Rectus femoris
Multipennate - Deltoid

Question 20

What is a fusiform muscle?

Answer 20

Fascicles that are close to parallel at the center but converge to a tendon at one or both ends e.g Brachioradialis

Question 21

What is a spiral muscle?

Answer 21

Fibers that twist between their points of attachments e.g Lattismus dorsi

Question 22

What is a circular muscle?

Answer 22

Encircle body tubes or openings e.g orbicularis oris

Question 23

What does the term origin mean regarding muscle attachment?

Answer 23

Muscle attached to the body that does not move during an action.

Question 24

What does the term insertion mean regarding muscle attachment?

Answer 24

Muscle attached to the body that does move during an action.

Question 25

What are the 3 muscle actions called?

Answer 25

Prime mover (agonist)
Antagonist
Synergist (can also be fixator)

Question 26

What does an agonist muscle do?

Answer 26

It is the contracting muscle in an action.

Question 27

What does an antagonist muscle do?

Answer 27

It is opposing the contracting muscle and stays relaxed in an action.

Question 28

What does a synergist muscle do?

Answer 28

It assists the prime mover in an action by recruiting muscle fibers from a connecting muscle to contract with the contracting muscle during an action.