Properties of Matter Flashcards
What is specific heat capacity?
The number of Joules of energy needed to raise 1kg of a substance by 1°C.
What is meant by temperature?
It is a measure of the mean kinetic energy of the particles
What is meant by heat?
It is the energy of the substance.
What is conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed it can only be transferred from one type to another
What is latent heat of vaporisation?
The number of Joules of energy required to change 1kg of a liquid to 1kg of a gas with no temperature change.
What is latent heat of fusion?
The number of Joules of energy required to change 1kg of a solid to 1kg of a liquid with no temperature change.
Suggest a way that we say ‘energy is lost’ (not converted to the type of energy we want)?
- Heat lost to the surroundings due to friction
- Sound energy lost to air because of vibrations
- Energy lost as heat to the surroundings
- Heat lost in heating up a container instead of the substance in it
What is meant by pressure?
The force per unit area
Explain how snow shoes prevent you sinking into the snow.
Snow shoes have a large area. So the force of the person (weight) is spread over a larger area so the pressure exterted on the snow is less as P = F/A
These two block of wood have identical mass. Explain which exerts the greatest pressure.
- Both blocks have the same mass, so as W=mg will exert the same force down on the surface.
- Block B is sitting so that a small area sits on the surface, so as P = F/A it will exert a larger pressure.
Explain why being stood on by a stilletto heel is painful.
Stileto heels have very small areas. So the force of the person (weight) is spread over a very small area so the pressure exterted is high as P = F/A
What causes pressure of a gas in a container?
Gas particles hitting the sides of a container
Using Kinetic Theory explain what happens to the pressure if you increase the temperature of a fixed mass gas in a fixed volume container?
- Pressure is caused by particles hitting the sides of the container.
- The temperature is increased. The particles gain kinetic energy.
- They will move faster and so hit the sides of the container more often and with a greater velocity / force.
- So the pressure increases.
Using Kinetic Theory explain what happens to the pressure if you decrease the volume of a fixed mass gas at a constant temperature?
- Pressure is caused by particles hitting the sides of the container.
- The volume is decreased. The particles have less room to move about and so hit the sides of the container more often.
- So the pressure increases.
Using Kinetic Theory explain what happens to the volume if you increase the temperature of a fixed mass gas at a fixed pressure?
- Pressure is caused by particles hitting the sides of the container.
- The temperature is increased. The particles gain kinetic energy.
- They will move faster and so hit the sides of the container more often and with a greater velocity/force.
- So the pressure increases.
- This puts pressure on a rubber bung/bead of mercury etc. and it moves. It will move until the pressure inside the container = pressure outside the container.
- So the volume will increase.