Properties of Matter Flashcards
What is heat?
Heat is a form of energy created by the movement of tiny particles within a substance.
In what unit is heat energy measured?
Joules (J)
What is temperature?
Temperature is the average kinetic energy of molecules and atoms in a system.
What is specific heat capacity?
The amount of energy required to heat 1kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.
What is the formula for heat energy involving specific heat capacity?
Eh = cmΔT
What are the terms fusion and vaporisation referring to in the context of latent heat?
The change of state between solid and liquid is fusion.
The change of state between liquid and gas is vaporisation.
What is specific latent heat?
The heat energy required to change the state of a substance.
What is the formula for heat energy involving specific latent heat?
Eh = ml
What is pressure?
Pressure is force per unit area.
What is the formula for pressure?
P = F/A
What is 0 Kelvin equivalent to in Celsius?
-273 degrees Celsius
What is Gay-Lussac’s Law?
a description of the direct relationship between pressure and temperature in a contained system.
What happens to pressure when temperature increases in a contained system?
Pressure increases due to particles moving faster and hitting the container walls with more force.
What is Charles’ Law?
a description of the direct relationship between volume and temperature in a system with flexible boundaries.
What happens to volume when temperature increases?
Volume increases as gas particles move faster and expand the container.
What is Boyle’s Law?
the inverse relationship between pressure and volume.
What happens to pressure when volume decreases in a system?
Pressure increases because the same number of particles collide more frequently in a smaller space.
Do different substances require the same amount of heat energy to change state?
No, different substances require different amounts of heat energy to change state.
What is specific latent heat?
The heat energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature.
What does the formula Eh = cmΔT represent?
The energy (Eh) required to heat a mass (m) of a substance with a specific heat capacity (c) by a temperature change (ΔT).
What does the formula Eh = ml represent?
The energy (Eh) required to change the state of a mass (m) of a substance with a specific latent heat (l).
Give two examples of how these relationships (temp, pressure, volume) are used in the body.
Blood pressure and the negative pressure within our lungs that helps vary air volume during breathing.
Why do we use Kelvin in gas laws and pressure-volume-temperature relationships?
Because Kelvin starts at absolute zero and allows direct proportional relationships in formulas.
Why does pressure increase with temperature in Gay-Lussac’s Law?
Increased kinetic energy makes particles collide more forcefully with container walls.
