Properties of Matter

Question 1

What is specific heat capacity

Answer 1

The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat energy needed to change the temperature of 1 kg of the substances by 1 degree celsius

every substance has a different value of specific heat capacity

Question 2

What is the specific heat capacity formula?

Answer 2

Eh =c * m * Delta T

where:
Eh = heat energy measured in Joules (J)

c = specific heat capacity measured in joules per kilogram per degree celsius (J kg^-1 C^-1)

m = mass measured in kilograms (kg)

delta T = change in temperature measured in degrees celsius (C0)

Question 3

Define heat

Answer 3

Heat is a form of energy. It causes the particles in a substance to move or vibrate. The faster they move, the more kinetic energy they have. This increaese the heat energy stored in the substance.

Heat energy is measured in Joules (J)

Question 4

Define temperature

Answer 4

Temperature tells us how hot a substance is.

Temperature is a neasure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.

Temperature is measured in degree celsius (C0)

Question 5

What are the three states of matter

Answer 5

Solid liquid and gas

Question 6

When solids melt or liquids boil energy need to be

Answer 6

energy needs to be put in

Question 7

When gases condense or liquids freeze energy is

Answer 7

energy is given out

Question 8

What is specific latent heat

Answer 8

Specific latent heat is the heat energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance.

Question 9

What is significant about a change in state

Answer 9

there is no change in temperature

Question 10

What is the specific latent heat formula

Answer 10

Eh = ml

where:
Eh = Heat energy measured in Joules (J)
m = mass measured in kilograms (kg)
l = latent heat measured in joules per kilogram (Jkg^-1)

Question 11

What does specfifc latent heat of vaporisation of materials apply to?

Answer 11

This applies when:
a liquid change into a gas
and
a gas changes into a liquid

Question 12

What does specific latent heat of fusion of materials apply to?

Answer 12

This applies when:
a solid changes into liquid
and
a liquid changes into a solid

Question 13

What is pressure

Answer 13

Pressure is defined as the force acting per unit area.

Question 14

What is the pressure formula

Answer 14

p = F/A

where:
p = pressure measured in pascals (pa)
F = force measured in newtons (N)
A = area measured in metres square (m^2)

Question 15

What is 1 atmosphere in pascals

Answer 15

100,000 pascals

Question 16

What is gas made up of?

Answer 16

Gases are made up of tiny particles - atoms or molecules - that are widely seperated and moving at a speed.

Question 17

What is the volume of a gas

Answer 17

The volume of a gas is the volume of the container it is in - usually measured in cm ^3 or m^3.

Volume is not equal to mass.

Question 18

What is the pressure of a gas

Answer 18

the pressure of a gas is the particles collding. This applies a force over the area of the contrainer - so we have a pressure.

Question 19

What is the temperature of a gas

Answer 19

The temperature of a gas is a measure of the kinetic energy of the particles. ​

The faster the particles are moving, the higher the temperature of the gas.

Question 20

What is Boyle’s law

Answer 20

For a gas of fixed mass, pressure is directly proportional to 1/volume.

pV = k

when using boyle’s law you will usually have to use:
p1V1 = p2V2

where:
p = pressure
V = volume

Question 21

What is the pressure temperature law (gay lussac law)

Answer 21

When temperature is measured in Kelvin:
pressure is directly proportional to temperature

p1/T1 = p2/T2

p = Pressure measured in pascals (Pa)
T = temperature measured in Kelvin (K)

Question 22

What is absolute zero?

Answer 22

absolute zero is 0 Kelvin. We know that at 0K the pressure of a gas is zero. This means the particles have stopped moving (pressure is caused by particles moving)

because the particles can’t move any less this must be the lowest possible temperature.

Absolute zero is the lawest temperature there can be.

Question 23

How do you convert degrees celsius into Kelvin

Answer 23

Add 273

Question 24

How do you convert Kelvin into degrees celsius

Answer 24

subtract 273

Question 24

What is the volume temperature law (Charles’ law)

Answer 24

Volume is directly proportional to temperature measured in kelvin

V1/T1 = V2/T2

Where temperature is measured in Kelvin(K)

Question 24

rule for temperature difference between kelvin and celsius?

Answer 24

A temperature difference of 1 degree celsius is identical to a difference of 1 Kelvin

Question 24

What is the general gas equation

Answer 24

pV/T = k

or

p1V1/T1 = p2V2/T2

where:
p = pressure (Units in question)
V = volume (Units in question)
T = temperature which must be measured in Kelvin (K)

k is a constant

Question 24

When do we use the general gas equation

Answer 24

We can use this if pressure, volume and temperature are all changing.

Question 25

Describe the Charles’ law experiment

Answer 25

Place a sealed flask connected to a syringe in a beaker of water. Place a thermometer in the water.​

Record the volume of the gas using the syringe​

Record the temperature of the water (and therefore gas) using the thermometer.​

Heat the water using a Bunsen burner. Turn off the Bunsen and record the volume and temperature of the gas.​

Repeat this a number of times.

Question 26

Describe the boyle’s law experiment

Answer 26

Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram. ​

Disconnect the plastic tube and adjust the syringe so that it is half full of air. Reconnect the plastic tube​

Adjust the syringe so that the volume of air is maximum. ​

Keep the syringe at this position for a period of time before noting the pressure reading to allow the temperature of the trapped air to return to room temperature. Note the pressure of the gas. ​

Adjust the volume a number of times by moving the plunger and note the corresponding pressure readings

the results of pressure * volume should all be the same

Question 27

Describe the gay lussac law experiment

Answer 27

Place a sealed flask connected to a pressure sensor in a beaker of water. Place a thermometer in the water.​

Record the pressure of the gas using the pressure sensor. ​

Record the temperature of the water (and therefore gas) using the thermometer.​

Heat the water using a Bunsen burner. Turn off the Bunsen and record the pressure and temperature of the gas.​

Repeat this a number of times.