Properties of Matter Flashcards
All matter has _______
Physical and chemical properties
Characteristics that are measurable without changing the composition of the sample
Physical properties
What are some examples of physical properties?
Density, malleability, ductility, solubility, thermal conductivity
Characteristic ability of a substance to react to form a new substance
Chemical properties
What are some examples of chemical properties?
Combustibility, flammability, reactivity: oxidation of materials, burning wood, fireworks
What are the 2 classifications of physical properties?
Extensive and intensive properties
A property that varies with the amount of the substance (dependent on the amount of a substance)
Extensive properties
A property that is independent of the amount of a substance
Intensive properties
What are some examples of extensive properties?
Mass, volume, weight, length
What are some examples of intensive properties?
Color, boiling point, temperature, hardness, melting point (all at a given temperature)
Is density an intensive or extensive property?
Intensive
Is mass an intensive or extensive property?
Extensive
Is volume an intensive or extensive property?
Extensive
What is the formula for density?
density = mass / unit volume
What is the unit for density?
g/cm³
What is a change where no chemical bonds are broken or formed?
Physical change
What are some examples of a physical change?
Changes in state, separation of mixture, physical deformation
What is a change where bonds are broken or formed between molecules or atoms?
Chemical change
What are some examples of a chemical change?
Combustion reaction, decomposition reaction, neutralization reaction, redox reaction, synthesis reaction
What is the amount of mass in a given volume?
Density
Solid to Liquid
Melting
Liquid to Solid
Freezing
Gas to Liquid
Condensation
Solid to Gas
Sublimation
Gas to Solid
Deposition
Liquid to Gas
Evaporation
The ability to be molded into another shape
Malleability
The ability to withstand plastic deformation
Ductility
The different types of plastic deformation
Tensile, compressive, bending, and torsional deformation
The ability to catch fire at normal temperatures
Flammability
The ability to catch fire at higher temperatures
Combustibility
Multiplier and unit of kilo
1000 | k
Multiplier and unit of hecto
100 | h
Multiplier and unit of deca
10 | da
Multiplier and unit of deci
0.1 or 1/10| d
Multiplier and unit of centi
0.01 or 1/100| c
Multiplier and unit of mill
0.001 or 1/1000 | m
Multiplier and unit of micro
0.000001 or 1/1,000,000 | µ
4 Principles of Dalton’s Atomic Theory
1.) Elements are made out of atoms
2.) Atoms of a given element are identical. If it were two different elements, their atoms are different
3.) Compounds are composed of atoms of more than 1 element
4.) A chemical reaction involves only the separation and rearrangement, not the creation nor destruction of atoms
The charge of an electron
-1
The charge of a proton
+1
The charge of a neutron
0
What is the mass number (A)
protons + neutrons
What is the atomic number (Z)
Number of protons
An element with a different number of neutrons in their nuclei
Isotope
Signs that an object underwent chemical change
Odor production, change in temperature, change in color, effervescence, formation of precipitates
What theory do these 2 sentences describe?:
A molecule will always stay in motion so long as it has energy depending on the temperature of an object
Changes in energy result in a phase change
Kinetic Molecular Theory
What are the 3 key principles of the Kinetic Molecular Theory
1.) No energy gain or loss during molecule collision
2.) Molecules take up negligible space compared to its container
3.) Will always remain in linear motion until collision
