Properties of Matter Flashcards
Using Kinetic Theory explain what happens to the pressure if you increase the temperature of a fixed mass gas in a fixed volume container?
- Pressure is caused by the force of particles hitting the sides of the container.
- The temperature is increased. The particles gain kinetic energy.
- They will move faster and so hit the sides of the container more often and with a greater velocity and so greater force.
- So the pressure increases.
A temperature - time graph is shown below. What is happening at point D on the graph?
- The material is changing state
- From a liquid to a gas.
These two block of wood have identical mass. Explain which exerts the greatest pressure.
- Both blocks have the same mass, so as W=mg will exert the same force down on the surface.
- Block B is sitting so that a small area sits on the surface, so as P = F/A it will exert a larger pressure.
A temperature - time graph is shown below. What is happening at point E on the graph?
The temperature of the gas is increasing.
What is specific heat capacity?
The number of Joules of energy needed to raise 1kg of a substance by 1OC.
Using Kinetic Theory explain what happens to the pressure if you decrease the volume of a fixed mass gas at a constant temperature?
- Pressure is caused by the force of particles hitting the sides of the container.
- The volume is decreased. The particles have less room to move about and so hit the sides of the container more often creating a larger force.
- So the pressure increases.
What is latent heat of fusion?
The number of Joules of energy required to change 1kg of a solid to 1kg of a liquid with no temperature change.
Describe an experiment to investigate the relationship between the the pressure and the volume of a fixed mass of gas, at a constant temperature.
Boyles Law:
- Pump is used to put pressure on oil which puts pressure on a fixed mass of trapped gas.
- Valve is closed.
- Volume of air column is read off the scale.
- Pressure is read off the bourdon gauge.
- Valve is opened and closed to change the pressure to get a set of readings.
- Draw graph of pressure against volume.
How can you convert between OC (degrees Celsius) and K (Kelvin)?
Temperature in degrees Celsius + 273
What is conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed it can only be transferred from one type to another.
A temperature - time graph is shown below. What is happening at point A on the graph?
The temperature of the solid material is rising.
The graph below shows a temperature - time graph. Points B and D show changes in state. Explain why this can be identified from the graph.
When a substance changes state the temperature remains constant. (Shown by horizontal line on graph)
Explain how snow shoes prevent you sinking into the snow.
Snow shoes have a large area. So the force of the person (weight) is spread over a larger area so the pressure exterted on the snow is less as P = F/A
What is meant by pressure?
The force per unit area
A temperature - time graph is shown below. What is happening at point C on the graph?
The temperature of the liquid is increasing.
What temperature does absolute zero occur at?
0 K or -273 OC.
A temperature - time graph is shown below. What is happening at point B on the graph?
- The material is changing state.
- From solid to liquid
Describe an experiment to investigate the relationship between the temperature and the pressure of a fixed mass of gas, with a fixed volume.
- Place the flask in a beaker of water.
- Heat the water.
- As the water heats up take a set of readings.
- The temperature of the water from the thermometer
- The pressure of the gas from the bourdon gauge
- Draw graph of pressure against temperature
What causes pressure of a gas in a container?
Gas particles hitting the sides of a container
What is latent heat of vaporisation?
The number of Joules of energy required to change 1kg of a liquid to 1kg of a gas with no temperature change.
What is meant by absolute zero?
- When gas particles have no energy and cannot move or collide with the sides of the container.
- They have no more kinetic energy to remove.
- Temperature cannot go below this.
Using Kinetic Theory explain what happens to the volume if you increase the temperature of a fixed mass gas at a fixed pressure?
- Pressure is caused by the force of particles hitting the sides of the container.
- The temperature is increased. The particles gain kinetic energy.
- They will move faster and so hit the sides of the container more often and with a greater velocity and so greater force.
- So the pressure increases.
- This puts pressure on a rubber bung/bead of mercury etc. and it moves. It will move until the pressure inside the container = pressure outside the container.
- So the volume will increase.
What is the energy change in a buzzer?
Electrical to sound
What is meant by heat?
It is the energy of the substance.
Suggest a way that we say ‘energy is lost’ (not converted to the type of energy we want)?
- Heat lost to the surroundings due to friction
- Sound energy lost to air because of vibrations
- Energy lost as heat to the surroundings
- Heat lost in heating up a container instead of the substance in it
Explain why being stood on by a stilletto heel is painful.
Stileto heels have very small areas. So the force of the person (weight) is spread over a very small area so the pressure exterted is high as P = F/A
What is meant by temperature?
It is a measure of the mean kinetic energy of the particles.
Describe an experiment to investigate the relationship bewteen the volume and the temperature of a fixed mass of gas at a fixed pressure.
- A fixed mass of gas is trapped by a bead of mercury
- Place the capilary tube, thermometer and ruler/scale into the beaker of water.
- Heat the water.
- At different temperatures - measure the temperature of the gas from the thermometer and the volume from the ruler/scale.
- The pressure is kept constant as the bead of mercury is free to move so that the pressure reamins constant.
- Plot a graph of volume against temperature.
Two 1kg blocks of metal are heated up. Block A and Block B. Each block is made from a different material. They are both supplied with 10000J on energy. Block B has the biggest temperature change.
What can you say about Block B compared to Block A?
Block B has a lower specific heat capacity.
