Properties Of Matter Flashcards
What is the definition of an element?
Elements are pure substances composed entirely of one type of atom and therefore, cannot be decomposed into simpler substances.
What are three examples of an element?
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen etc.
What is the definition of a compound?
Compounds are substances that contain 2 (or more) types of atoms which are chemically bonded
together in a fixed ratio, and therefore can be decomposed into simpler substances.
What are three examples of compounds?
Salt - NaCl
Hydrochloric Acid - HCl
Water - H20
What is the definition of a mixture?
Mixture are impure substances that contain a combination of different elements and/or
compounds. In mixtures, there is no fixed ratio of substances and therefore there can be variable
composition.
What are the two different types of mixtures?
Homogenous and Heterogenous mixtures.
What is a homogeneous mixture? Include an example?
Homogenous substances have uniform composition throughout. These substances are considered
pure. For example coco-cola and pure water (etc.)
What is a heterogeneous mixture? Include an example?
Heterogeneous substances have non-uniform composition where there are substances or materials of different varieties. For example blood and soil (etc.)
Draw and/or explain the visual composition of a heterogeneous and homogeneous mixture?
search up.
What is a solution? What are the two main components?
A solution has one or more solutes that are dissolved in a solvent. A solvent is a substance in
which the solute dissolves and a solute is a substance that dissolves in a solvent.
What is a common solvent and what are the characteristics?
Water as a solvent:
- Water is an excellent solvent.
§ Aqueous solutions are formed when a solid, liquid or gas is dissolved in water.
Almost all biological and industrial processes occur in water – these systems are known as aqueous environments.
What happens when a substance is mixed with a solvent, but it doesn’t dissolve to form a solution?
It can form a suspension or a colloid.
What is a suspension?
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture, with visible distinguishable parts, that form when a
substance does not dissolve significantly.
What are the characteristics of a suspension? And an example?
- non-uniform composition
- large particle size
- if left it will settle at the bottom
An example is sand in water or soil in water.
What is a colloid?
A colloid is a mixture of particles that consists of smaller clusters of ions or molecules. They are
evenly dispersed throughout the solvent and do not settle on standing. It is a homogenous mixture.
What are the changes in states for;
liquid --> solid solid --> liquid liquid --> gas gas --> liquid solid --> gas gas --> solid
liquid --> solid = freezing solid --> liquid = melting liquid --> gas = boiling gas --> liquid = condensation solid --> gas = sublimation gas --> solid = deposition
Draw and/or explain the visual composition of a solid
state of matter? + Add the characteristics
- arranged in defined shape/ particles touching
- particles vibrate in their position
+ not very compressible as they are already compressed
Draw and/or explain the visual composition of a liquid state of matter? + Add the characteristics
- takes shape of the container
- not confined by vibrations
- random translations from one position to
another.
+ slight compression
Draw and/or explain the visual composition of a gas state of matter? + Add the characteristics
- well separated; full space available
- more rapid movements
- no significant force between particles
+ very compressible as large space between particles
What is important when drawing a diagram?
Drawing a Diagram
- use a pencil
- use a ruler
- labels with no arrowhead must be horizontal and touching equipment
What method of separation would separate two solids different sized particles. What is the property enabling this separation?
Mixtures in which the particles of the different substances have different sizes can be
separated by sieving. The property enabling this separation is that it has different sized particles.
What method of separation would separate an undissolved solid and a liquid. What is the property enabling this separation?
Filtration is a process where liquid or solution is passed through the filtration paper whilst the solid remains on top. The property enabling this separation is that it has particle size and solubility.
When a solid is coarser or denser, a process of sedimentation and decantation can be used.
What method of separation would separate a dissolved solid and a liquid. What is the property enabling this separation?
When a solid is dissolved in a liquid, the mixture is called a ‘solution’ and therefore, filtration
techniques do not work.
Evaporation is a process of heating the liquid to a temperature below its boiling point so that the
liquid is slowly blown away into the air. Distillation can also be a method and is more accurate than evaporation. The property enabling this separation is the boiling point.
What method of separation would separate immiscible liquids. What is the property enabling this separation?
Immiscible liquids are two or more liquids that do not mix to form a homogenous liquid. Immiscible liquids, when left to stand for a period of time will separate into two distinct
layers, one on top of another.
Therefore, immiscible liquids can generally be separated using a separating funnel.
What is the atomic number? What does it help find?
The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in each atom, which is also equal to
the number of electrons.
What is the mass number? What does it help find?
The mass number is the number of protons plus the neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of the
species concern.
Because the electrons have such small masses compared to a proton or neutron, for
practical purposes, the mass of electrons can be ignored.
What is the appearance of a metal and a non-metal?
A metal has a shiny appearance and a non-metal has a dull appearance.
What is metal and non-metals state at room temperature (25* C)
Metal would be solid (except for mercury). A non-metal would be mostly gas and some solids.
What is metal and non-metals conductivity level?
A metals conductivity level would be high and a non-metal conductivity level is low.
What are a metal’s physical properties?
- Malleable which means it can be rolled into sheets.
- Ductile which means it can be pulled into wire.
What are non-metals physical properties?
- Brittle
- can shatter easily
- sharp pieces
What are the properties of a metalloid?
- Metalloids are glass-like in appearance
- they are semi-conductors
- brittle and are hard solids
What is different about Hydrogen?
Hydrogen is a unique element and is not easily classified. Physically, it has properties
similar to non-metals, but chemically it often reacts like a metal.
