Properties and Classification of Matter Flashcards
What do physical properties describe?
Physical appearance and composition of a substance.
What do chemical properties describe?
The reactivity of a substance.
Boiling point, melting point, malleability, and ductility are examples of what kinds of properties?
Physical properties
Color, state, and crystal formation are examples of what kinds of properties?
Physical properties
Conductivity, solubility, and magnetism are examples of what kinds of properties?
Physical properties
Ability to burn and flash point are examples of what kinds of properties?
Chemical properties
Behavior in air, reaction with water, and reaction to heat are examples of what kinds of properties?
Chemical properties
Reaction with acids and pH are examples of what kinds of properties?
Chemical properties
What is a pure substance?
All particles are identical (elements or compounds).
What does a mixture describe?
A combination of pure substances
What is a mechanical mixture?
A heterogeneous mixture in which the different substances can be separated.
What is a suspension?
A mixture in which substances are in different states.
What is a colloid?
A mixture in which the substances cannot be easily separated.
What is a homogeneous mixture?
A mixture in which components are not visible.
Pure substances can be classified in what 2 categories?
Elements and compounds
What kinds of mixtures are suspensions and colloids?
Heterogeneous
What kinds of mixtures are solutions?
Homogeneous
What is a chemical reaction?
A process that occurs when substance(s) react to a different substance(s).
Conductors, malleable, and ductile are properties of what elements on the periodic table?
Metals
Metals are in what state at room temperature?
Solid (except for Hg)
What are periods on the periodic table?
Rows (horizontal lines).
Remember: sentences end in a period.
What are groups/families on the periodic table?
Columns (vertical lines).
What group on the periodic table is very reactive with water?
Group 1: alkali metals
What group is reactive, but less so than the alkali metals?
Group 2: alkaline earth metals
What group is very un-reactive?
Group 18: Noble gases
What group reacts with alkali metals to form salts and is poisonous?
Group 17: Halogens
What is the first (lowest) energy level of electrons?
2e-
What is the electron capacity of the second and third energy levels?
8e-
What does the atomic number indicate?
Number of protons
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element, but contain a different number of neutrons.
What is ionization?
The process of gaining or losing an election to form an ion.
What is an ion?
An electrically charged atom.
What is a cation?
A positively charged atom, because it lost e-.
What is an anion?
A negatively charged atom because it gained e-.
What are valence electrons?
Elections in the outer energy level.
What is valence?
Tendency to gain/lose electrons.
What is the octet rule?
Atoms bond to have 8 electrons in their valence energy level.
How do you find the number of neutrons in an element’s atom?
Round atomic mass
How do you find the number of protons in an element’s atom?
Atomic number
How do you find the number of electrons in an element’s atom?
Equal to protons: atomic number
