Propaganda and terror Flashcards
What proves that the Nazi muzzling of the press was successful?
the Nazi muzzling of the press was successful; in 1943 even the internationally renowned Frankfurter Zeitung was forced to close whilst in contrast readership of the Nazi Party newspaper reached 1.7 million in 1944
What did the Editorial law October 1933 do?
Editorial law October 1933 made newspaper content the sole responsibility of the editor which for their own safety effectively became a a tool for the Nazis
Before the Nazis rise to power how many daily newspapers were there?
Before the Nazis rise to power over 4100 daily newspapers which were all regionally owned and were not loyal to the central government
When was the Berlin olympics?
1936
What was the purpose of propaganda?
The purpose of propaganda was
To support the regime
To spread Nazi ideology and values
To integrate the diverse elements of the nation into the ‘peoples community’
What percentage of Germans owned a radio in 1932 in comparison to in 1939?
25%
70%
The successes and failures of propaganda
Propaganda was successful in that
Cultivating the Hitler myth
Strengthened the Nazi regime after the political crisis of 1929 to 1933
Reinforced traditional family values and German nationalism
However propaganda failed in its attempts to
Denounce the christian churches
Seduce the working-class away
Developed a distinct Nazi culture
How many officers did the gestapo have?
40,000
by 1933 how many SS were there
By 1933 the SS numbered at 52,000
In Feb 1933, during the ‘period of chaos and terror’, how many auxiliary policemen did Goring hire, where and what was their role?
February 1933 there was a ‘period of chaos and terror’
In Prussia Goring even hired 50,000 auxiliary policemen, mostly SA to persecute, beat up and shoot KPD and SPD.
Between 1933 and 1939 how many Germans were sent to concentration camps?
An estimated 1.5 million Germans were sent to concentration camps between 1933 and 1939.
Between 1933-39, how many communists detained in concentration camps and how many were executed?
Between 1933-39, 150,000 communists were detained in concentration camps and 30,000 were executed.
When were the people’s courts set up?
1934
write down everything about Malicious practices law
Malicious practices law
March 1933
Banned outspoken criticism of the regime
Enemies sent to concentration camps without trial
Approximately 1,200,000 sent to concentration camps
how many categories of offence carried the death penalty before 1933 compared to by 1943-44
Before 1933 there were 3 categories of offence carrying the death penalty, by 1943-44 there were 46 such categories.
How many death sentences were passed in 1938 compared to 1943?
The Ministry of Justice records a rise in death sentences passed from 23 in 1938 to 4,438 in 1943
Reaction to opposition -what happened to Julius Leber Martin Niemoller Baum Group Hans and Sophie Scholl Members of the Kreisau Circle Beck-Goerdler group July bomb plotters
The socialist Julius Leber hanged January 1945
Martin Niemoller executed in April 1945
Baum Group - 500 of them were tortured and executed
Hans and Sophie Scholl (leaders of White Rose youth group) – sent to “The people’s court” and sentenced to death by guillotine 1943
Members of the Kreisau Circle - Von Moltke was arrested in 1944 and sent to a concentration camp, executed in 1945. Several others were executed too.
Beck-Goerdler group – many members executed in the mid 1940s Goerdeler in 1945 after he gave information about the plans of the people involved in the July Plot 1944.
1944 – July bomb plotters, shot. All members of the Stauffenberg family were executed. A number of army officers involved in the plot were sentenced to death and were hanged in a horrific manner: on meat hooks, suspended by piano wire. Exact numbers are not known but it is thought that as many as 5,000 were murdered.
1933-44 the Reich Ministry of Justice sentenced how many Germans to death for political offence
During 1945 a further how many were executed
During the war how many German officers and men were shot
1933-44 the Reich Ministry of Justice sentenced 13,405 Germans to death for political offences.
During 1945 a further 800 were executed.
During the war 9,413 German officers and men were shot. Many were executed for their political and religious views and some for refusing to carry out atrocities.
