Pronunciation of English

Question 1

Equivalence classes

Answer 1

Vowel categories it only tells us how vowels behave within each class; 24 “lexical sets”

Question 2

Differ among dialects

Answer 2

Philadelphian dialect has two sets of classes for Mad and Trap

Question 3

IPA Vowel Chart

Answer 3

Provides to us what we lack without Audio; chart of pronunciation

Three dimensional space:

• From top to bottom (close to open vocal tract u,i to a)
• Fronter v backer position of tongue (from left to right)
• Spread v rounded lips (each pair)

Question 4

ɪ

Answer 4

Kit

Question 5

ɛ

Answer 5

Dress

Question 6

æ

Answer 6

Trap, Bath

Question 7

a

Answer 7

Lot, Palm

Question 8

ʌ

Answer 8

Strut

Question 9

ʊ

Answer 9

Foot

Question 10

ɜr or ɜ˞

Answer 10

Nurse

Question 11

i

Answer 11

Fleece

Question 12

eɪ

Answer 12

Face

Question 13

ɔ

Answer 13

Cloth, Thought

Question 14

oʊ

Answer 14

Goat

Question 15

u

Answer 15

Goose

Question 16

aɪ

Answer 16

Price

Question 17

ɔɪ

Answer 17

Choice

Question 18

ɐʊ

Answer 18

Mouth

Question 19

ɪr

Answer 19

Near

Question 20

ɛr

Answer 20

Square

Question 21

ar

Answer 21

Start

Question 22

ɔr

Answer 22

North, Force

Question 23

ʊr

Answer 23

Cure

Question 24

ː

Answer 24

colon-like character indicates extra length of the preceding sound

Question 25

ɔ”r”

Answer 25

sequence of two characters indicates a sound that starts one way and ends another

Question 26

American IPA

Answer 26

variation just changes the sound quality of certain words without changing any lexical class definitions; others straight up split and mergers certain classes (splitting or merging Mary, marry, and merry)

Question 27

ə

Answer 27

“schwa”; data = d-eɪ-t-ə or connect = c-ə-nn-ɛ-ct

Question 28

IPA Consonant Chart

Answer 28

p, b, t, d, k, g, m, n, f, v, s, z, l

n" (hang)
ɾ (ladder, at all)
theta (thing)
eth (this)
esh (ashen)
yogh (azure)
j (yield, yes)

Question 29

affricates

Answer 29

combination of stop and fricative

chip = t(esh)
jut = d(yogh)

Question 30

Stress

Answer 30

Stress is marked before the affected syllable; primary (up), secondary (down)