Pronunciation of English Flashcards
1
Q
Equivalence classes
A
Vowel categories it only tells us how vowels behave within each class; 24 “lexical sets”
2
Q
Differ among dialects
A
Philadelphian dialect has two sets of classes for Mad and Trap
3
Q
IPA Vowel Chart
A
Provides to us what we lack without Audio; chart of pronunciation
Three dimensional space:
- From top to bottom (close to open vocal tract u,i to a)
- Fronter v backer position of tongue (from left to right)
- Spread v rounded lips (each pair)
4
Q
ɪ
A
Kit
5
Q
ɛ
A
Dress
6
Q
æ
A
Trap, Bath
7
Q
a
A
Lot, Palm
8
Q
ʌ
A
Strut
9
Q
ʊ
A
Foot
10
Q
ɜr or ɜ˞
A
Nurse
11
Q
i
A
Fleece
12
Q
eɪ
A
Face
13
Q
ɔ
A
Cloth, Thought
14
Q
oʊ
A
Goat
15
Q
u
A
Goose
16
Q
aɪ
A
Price
17
Q
ɔɪ
A
Choice
18
Q
ɐʊ
A
Mouth
19
Q
ɪr
A
Near
20
Q
ɛr
A
Square
21
Q
ar
A
Start
22
Q
ɔr
A
North, Force
23
Q
ʊr
A
Cure
24
Q
ː
A
colon-like character indicates extra length of the preceding sound
25
ɔ"r"
sequence of two characters indicates a sound that starts one way and ends another
26
American IPA
variation just changes the sound quality of certain words without changing any lexical class definitions; others straight up split and mergers certain classes (splitting or merging Mary, marry, and merry)
27
ə
"schwa"; data = d-eɪ-t-ə or connect = c-ə-nn-ɛ-ct
28
IPA Consonant Chart
p, b, t, d, k, g, m, n, f, v, s, z, l
```
n" (hang)
ɾ (ladder, at all)
theta (thing)
eth (this)
esh (ashen)
yogh (azure)
j (yield, yes)
```
29
affricates
combination of stop and fricative
```
chip = t(esh)
jut = d(yogh)
```
30
Stress
Stress is marked before the affected syllable; primary (up), secondary (down)
