Pronunciation

Question 1

This occurs when a phoneme changes its quality due to the influence of a neighbouring sound. It changes to become more like the neighbouring sound, or even identical to it. E.g. would you, in case

Answer 1

Assimilation

Question 2

This occurs when a sound which would be present in a word spoken in isolation is omitted in connected speech. E.g. next please, old man.

Answer 2

Elision

Question 3

This refers to the smooth linking or joining together of words in connected speech. Of course, two words can have silence between them, but this is concerned with the way sounds are fused together at word boundaries.

Answer 3

Catenation

Question 4

In RP the letter ‘r’ in the spelling of a word is not pronounced unless it is followed by a vowel sound. But in connected speech the final spelling ‘r’ of a word may be pronounced or not, depending whether the first sound of the next word is a consonant or a vowel. E.g. her English.

Answer 4

Linking /r/

Question 5

This refers to the sound an English speaker may insert between two words where the first ends in /ɔː/ or /ə/ and the following word begins with a vowel sound. E.g. law and order, India and Pakistan.

Answer 5

Intrusive /r/

Question 6

A linking sound ……… that is inserted between a word which ends in a vowel sound and a following one which begins with a vowel sound. It is used to ease the transition between words/a feature of connected speech.
Used after the vowels /ʊ/ /uː/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/
E.g. go/w/out or you/w/are

Answer 6

Intrusive /w/

Question 7

A linking sound …….. that is inserted between a word which ends in a vowel sound and a following one which begins with a vowel sound. It is used to ease the transition between words/a feature of connected speech.
E.g. he/j/is.

Answer 7

Intrusive /j/

Question 8

A pronunciation variation of a single phoneme. This difference in pronunciation does not affect meaning and is determined by position in a word. All phonemes have …………….. E.g. /p/ of pin and the /p/ of spin. The /l/ at the beginning of little and the /l/ at the end of girl.

Answer 8

Allophone

Question 9

/p/ and /b/ as in tip and bit, are ……………… You close both your lips and, as the air is released (comes up from the throat), it pushes the lips apart in an explosion

Answer 9

Bilabial plosives

Question 10

/t/ and /d/as in ten and din are ………… because the tongue is stuck to the alveolar ridge until the air pushes the tongue and the alveolar ridge apart.

Answer 10

Alveolar plosives

Question 11

/s/and /z/ as in sip and zip are …………., They are produced as hissing sounds because air escapes with difficulty.

Answer 11

Alveoral fricative

Question 12

tʃ/ and /dʒ/as in chair and joy are …………… They start as a plosive (/t/and /d/) but end with a fricative because friction is made in the alveolar ridge.

Answer 12

Affricates

Question 13

/k/and /g/ as in cap and gap are ………….. because the back part of the tongue contact with the soft palate or vellum until the air pushes them apart.

Answer 13

Velar plosives

Question 14

apart.
Labiodental Fricatives
/f/ and /v/ as in feed and vet are ……….. . The top teeth are in contact with the lower lip (that’s why they are called labiodentals), and the air is pushed between them, but with no explosion; the sound is made by air friction between the teeth and the lip.

Answer 14

labiodental fricatives

Question 15

the way someone’s pronunciation reveals their social and/or

geographical background, applying anywhere

Answer 15

accent

Question 16

a speech sound produced by stopping the airstream then slowly slowly releasing it with friction, e.g. CHild, Jam

Answer 16

affricate

Question 17

The change of pitch that takes place on the nucleus e.g falling ……, rising ……

Answer 17

Tone