Pronunciation

Question 1

furtive patach

Answer 1

appears toward the front of a khet or ayin to help pronounce a final guttural

disappears when a letter is added behind it

Question 2

3 types of syllables

the accent and two others

Answer 2

tonic - accented
pretonic - one syllable before the accent
propretonic - two syllables before the accent

Question 3

long vowels with syllables

Answer 3

• > occur in open syllables - cholem-vav ( וֹ ) in עוֹלָם
• > a closed accented syllable - cholem-vav ( וֹ ) in אָחוֹת

Mark David Futato, Beginning Biblical Hebrew (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2003), 42.

Question 4

medium vowels with syllables

word

Answer 4

➤ a pretonic open syllable, for example, the first qamets ( ָ ) in דָּבָר
➤ a closed accented syllable, for example, the second ( ָ ) in דָּבָר

Mark David Futato, Beginning Biblical Hebrew (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2003), 42.

Question 5

short vowels in syllables

Answer 5

• > open accented syllables, for example, the first patach ( ַ ) in נַעַר (נַ‍עַר)
• > closed syllables, for example, the second patach ( ַ ) in נַעַר
• > A closed unaccented syllable usually has a short vowel.

Mark David Futato, Beginning Biblical Hebrew (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2003), 43.

Question 6

very short values in syllables

Answer 6

Very short vowels occur in
➤ open propretonic syllables in nouns and verbs, for example, דְּבָרִים and קְטַלְתֶּם
➤ open pretonic syllables in verbs, for example, קָטְלָה

Mark David Futato, Beginning Biblical Hebrew (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2003), 43.

Question 7

Vowels That Do Not Reduce to Sheva

Answer 7

There are two kinds of vowels that will not reduce to sheva:
➤ long vowels
➤ vowels in closed syllables

Mark David Futato, Beginning Biblical Hebrew (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2003), 43.

Question 8

Vowels That Reduce to Sheva in nouns

Answer 8

In nouns
➤ The vowels qamets ( ָ ) and tsere ( ֵ ) in open propretonic syllables:

דְּבָרִים
דָּבָר
לְבָבוֹת
לֵבָב

  ➤      The vowel tsere ( ֵ ) in an open pretonic syllable, if no reduction occurs in the propretonic syllable:

זוֹכְרִים
זוֹכֵר
Cholem-vav ( וֹ ), being long, cannot reduce.
מִזְבְּחוֹת
מִזְבֵּחַ
Chireq ( ִ ), being in a closed syllable, cannot reduce.

Question 9

Vowels that reduce to sheva in verbs

Answer 9

8.9 In verbs
➤ Short and medium vowels in the syllable before a vocalic suffix, that is, one that begins with a vowel:

קָטְלָה
קָטַל
כָּבְדוּ
כָּבֵד

  ➤      Medium vowels in an open propretonic syllable:

קְטַלְתֶּם
קָטַל

Mark David Futato, Beginning Biblical Hebrew (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2003), 43.