Promoting Health Flashcards
what is health promotion?
“Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health”
What do particular lifestyle choices result in?
Quite often, the lifestyle choices that people make relate to the determinant of health.
Increasingly poor lifestyle choices result in increasing health issues, which in turn impact on health resources.
The Ottawa charter for health promotion has 5 main aspects. what are they?
1 Developing personal skills 2 Strengthening community action 3. Creating supportive environments – like schools creating healthy eating environments. 4. Building healthy public policy 5. Re-orientating health services
what are the different approaches to health promotion?
- Medical or preventive
- Behaviour change:
changed attitudes lead to changed behaviours which in turn leads to responsibility and choice - Educational:
information leads to knowledge leads to skills - Empowerment
- Social Change: Change society, not individuals (smoking ban)
what are the different steps of strengthening community action
Inform - providing information in a way that is likely to encourage people to change their lifestyle to improve health – it must be motivating and educational
Consult - Obtaining public feedback (research)
Involve and collaborate – work directly with the public to make sure concerns are understood.
Empower - help people gain control over their own lives
what are the key objectives of health promotion?
- To prevent disease (Medical or Preventive)
- To ensure people are well informed and able to make “healthy” choices (Behaviour Change and Educational)
- To help people to acquire the skills and confidence to take greater control over their health (Education and Empowerment)
- To change policies and environments in order to facilitate healthy choices (Empowerment and Social Change).
what is the precede proceed model?
A model for making a health intervention.
- Precede: evaluation tasks: Specifying measurable objectives and baselines.
- Health Program
- Proceed evaluation tasks: Monitoring and Continuous Quality Improvement.
what problems can you face when evaluating health intervention programs?
- May involve very long-term social, behavioural or environmental changes
- Outcomes not easily measured or defined
- Different stakeholders and staff members may have different goals (not always shared)
- Evaluation can be expensive (costs often out of proportion with cost of the intervention) and resource consuming (time and personnel)
- Difficult to control external influences
what theories are put into practice in health interventions?
- Theory of Planned Behaviour
- Social Cognitive Theory
- Stages of Change
- Social Marketing
- Diffusion of Innovation
what is social marketing?
Used to address lack of knowledge. usually negative.
“nothing will ever be the same; i smoked and now i have cancer”
what is marketing?
Usually aim is to increase commercial sales
what is the social norms approach?
To address misperceptions of the norm - x% of studens DONT drink.
to use a social norms approach, what must you first understand?
Understand the norm
Understand what people think is the norm
Have evidence to prove the mismatch
Challenge those misconceptions
It is important to stop exaggerating perceived norms.
what will good social norms posters have?
Successful social norms approach posters will have:
• Normative message
• Engaging photo of relatable person in a familiar location
• Image shows ‘positive’ behaviour
• Data source
• Recognisable logo
in addition, Social norms approach
• Does not use health terrorism
• Is a participatory process
• Is not moralistic in tone
what steps must one go through in order to make a social norms poster?
Preparation Data collection Data analysis of baseline data Intervention Follow-up and Evaluation
