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STS Midterms > Prominent Figures > Flashcards

Prominent Figures Flashcards

1
Q

SISTINE CHAPEL MURAL
David

A

Michelangelo

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2
Q

Printing Press

A

Johannes Gutenberg

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3
Q

Parachute - “Flying Man”

A

Fausto Veranzio

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4
Q

Salt added to the trinity of alchemical elements (sulfur and mercury)

A

Paracelsus

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5
Q

Has a 3-story observatory built in Samarkand, Uzbekistan between 1424 and 1429 able to produce star charts

A

Ulugh Beg (1420)

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6
Q

Founded the theory of Heliocentric

A

Nicolaus Copernicus

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7
Q

Observed that comets move in space, measuring the year to an accuracy of a single second and as a result, Gregorian calendar goes into publication in 1582.Discovered the “Tycho’s Star” or the “Star of 1572”
Proposed a system in which the sun and moon orbited the earth, while the other planets orbited in the sun
Crater Tycho on the moon is named after him, and the crater Tycho Brahe on Mars

A

Tycho Brahe (1572)

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8
Q

States that the moon controls the tides on earth. Based on mathematics, he also stated that the earth rotates around the sun. He also came up with three laws of planetary motion. Cosmographic Mystery

A

Johannes Kepler (1594)

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9
Q

He was the first person to study the sky with a telescope. Discovered the first moons ever known to orbit a planet other than Earth. Jupiter’s four largest moons, which he discovered: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Discovered that Venus has phases. Discovered the rings of Saturn.Discovered our moon has mountains
Discovered that the Milky Way is made up of stars
He was the first person ever to see the planet Neptune.

A

Galileo Galilei (1609)

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10
Q

described human anatomy of the brain and other organs

A

Andreas Vesalius

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11
Q

Refined and complete description of the circulatory system
Materiae medicae and pharmacopoeiae - most useful tomes in medicine used by students and professionals

A

William Harvey

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12
Q

Portraits of Living Plants
A botanical work that employed freshly drawn illustration from living plants

A

Otto Brunfels

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13
Q

Published books On the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, and the Great Magnet the Earth in 1600, which laid the foundations of a theory of magnetism and electricity.

A

William Gilbert (1544 – 1603)

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14
Q

Published Novum Organum in 1620, which outlined a new system of logic based on the process of reduction, which he offered as an improvement over Aristotle’s philosophical process of syllogism
He was a pivotal figure in establishing the scientific method of investigation

A

Sir Francis Bacon (1546 – 1601)

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15
Q

Published his Discourse on the Method in 1637, which helped to establish the scientific method

A

Rene Descartes (1596 – 1650)

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16
Q

Constructed a powerful single lens microscopes and made extensive observations that he published around 1660, opening up the micro-world of biology

A

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek (1632 – 1723)

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17
Q

Built upon the work of Kepler and Galileo showed that an inverse square law for gravity explained the elliptical orbits of the planets, advanced the law of universal gravitation, theorized his axiomatic three laws of motion.

A

Isaac Newton (1643-1727)

18
Q

Introduced the term “Scientific Revolution” centering his analysis on Galileo, and the term was popularized by Butterfield in his Origins of Modern Science

A

Alexandre Koyre (20th century)

19
Q

Recognized founder of empiricism -
Proposed in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689)
Argued that the human mind was created as a tabula rasa, a “blank tablet”

A

John Locke

20
Q

Considered to have refined the modern scientific method for alchemy and to have separated chemistry further from alchemy -
Regarded today as the first modern chemist best known for Boyle’s Law – presented in 1662
Built an Air pump

A

Robert Boyle (1627-1691)

21
Q

Spectacle makers of Alkmaarall who contributed to the invention of refracting telescopes which first appeared in Netherlands 1608

A

Hans Lippershey, Zacharias Janssen, Jacob Metius

22
Q

Best known for his invention of the mercury barometer

A

Evangelista Torricelli (1607-1647)

23
Q

proposed the “Theory of Relativity”

A

Albert Einstein

24
Q

He proposed natural selection as an explanation of evolution, published in “On the Origin of Species” in 1859

A

Charles Darwin

25
Q

His theory of genetics stated the pattern of inheritance using a pea plant and developed the Mendelian Principles of Heredity.

A

Gregor Mendel

26
Q

Known as the father of microbiology, he pioneered pasteurization & proposed the germ theory of disease. He also developed a vaccine for rabies and disproved spontaneous generation theory.

A

Louis Pasteur

27
Q

He stated that the survival of a given species was thus related to its ability to adapt to its environment through mutations.

A

Hugo de Vries

28
Q

They succeeded in 1778 in perfecting the steam engine, which incorporated a series of radical improvements.

A

James Watt & Matthew Boulton

29
Q

The large-scale production of chemicals such as sulphuric acid by the lead chamber process was invented by this Englishman.

A

John Roebuck

30
Q

In 1791, he introduced a method for the production of sodium carbonate. Sodium carbonates is very useful in glass, textile, soap, and paper industries.

A

Nicolas Leblanc

31
Q

patented a chemical process for making cement which was an important advance in building trades. The process involves sinteringa mix of clay & limestone at 1400 degrees Celcius & grinding it to fine powder.

A

Joseph Asdin

32
Q

The process of gas lighting consisted of the large-scale gasification of coal in furnaces, purification of gas, storage and distribution.

A

William Murdoch

33
Q

Paper machine - A machine for making continuous sheets of paper on a loop of wire fabric was patented in 1798

A

Nicholas Louis Robert

34
Q

Airplane

A

Wright brothers, Wilbur and Orville.

35
Q

Father of Computer

A

Charles Babbage

36
Q

built the very first electronic computers, Z3

A

Konrad Zuse

37
Q

Toyed with the idea of a world wireless system

A

Nicola Tesla

38
Q

Photophone, first wireless telephone

A

Alexander Graham Bell

39
Q

invented the first actual fiber optical table based on the experiments of JOHN TYNDALL

A

Narinder Singh Kapany

40
Q

Air-Conditioner

A

Willis Carrier

STS Midterms (1 decks)

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