Prologue Key People/terms/concepts

Question 1

Empiricism

Answer 1

The view that knowledge comes from experience. Therefore science should rely on observation and experimentation

Question 2

Wilhelm wundt

Answer 2

Created psychologys first experiment (1879) by measuring reaction times. “Atoms of the mind”

Question 3

Structuralism

Answer 3

An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.

Question 4

Edward titchener

Answer 4

Wudnts student, introduced structuralism. His method was to engage people in self reflective introspection.

Question 5

Introspection

Answer 5

Looking inward to oneself

Question 6

Functionalism

Answer 6

A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function. How they enable the organism to adapt, survive and flourish.

Question 7

William James

Answer 7

Psychologist who founded functionalism. Tutor of Mary calkins at harvard.

Question 8

Mary calkins

Answer 8

First APA (American psychological association) female president. pioneer for female psychologists

Question 9

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 9

The animal mind author. First female psychology PHD .

Question 10

Humanistic psychology

Answer 10

A softer response to Freudian psychology and behaviorism. Founded by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Question 11

Nature-nurture issue

Answer 11

Do humans develop traits through experience or are they born with them?

Question 12

Natural selection

Answer 12

Nature will evolve organisms to be best for their environment.

Question 13

Evolutionary perspective

Answer 13

How natural selection of traits affects reproduction in a species.

Question 14

Biological/neuroscience perspective

Answer 14

How the body and bray enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.

Question 15

Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic perspective

Answer 15

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.

Question 16

Behavioral perspective

Answer 16

How do we learn observable responses

Question 17

Cognitive perspective

Answer 17

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

Question 18

Social-cultural perspective.

Answer 18

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

Question 19

Basic research

Answer 19

Research that builds psychologys knowledge base

Question 20

Psychology

Answer 20

The scientific study of behavior and mental process

Behavior: anything an organism does, or any action we can observe or record

Mental processes: the internal, subjective experiences we infer from behavior-sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts beliefs and feelings.

Question 21

Applied research

Answer 21

Research that attacks practical problems

Question 22

Biological psychologists

Answer 22

Exploring the links between Brain and mind

Question 23

Developmental psychologists

Answer 23

Studying our changing abilities from womb to tomb

Question 24

Cognitive psychologists

Answer 24

Experiment with how we think, perceive, and solve problems

Question 25

Personality psychologists

Answer 25

Investigating our persistent traits

Question 26

Social psychologists

Answer 26

Exploring how we view and affect one another

Question 27

Counseling psychologists

Answer 27

Help people cope with challenges

Question 28

Clinical psychology

Answer 28

Assess and treat mental emotional and behavior disorders

Question 29

Psychiatry

Answer 29

A branch of medicine dealing w/psychological disorders