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psych 110 lafayette > prologue/chapters 1,2,4 > Flashcards

prologue/chapters 1,2,4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Behavioral/Learning Perspective

A

Assumes behavior is learned, mental processes not important

reward/punishment

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2
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

Mental processes in judgement, memory, decisions, et.

Experimental method - influences about processes

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3
Q

Neuroscience Perspective

A

Behavior/mental processes are genetic

role of genes, brain, hormones

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4
Q

Evolutionary Perspective

A

behavior - bc of natural selection

study adaptive value of behavior

sociobiology/behavioral genetics

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5
Q

Social-Cultural Perspective

A

human behavior varies across situations/cultures

environment - big effect

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6
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective

A

behavior - unconscious struggles

case study - hidden fears/desires

important in personality/clinical psychology

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7
Q

Humanistic Perspective

A

phenomenological approach

people choose

potential for personal growth

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8
Q

Theory

A

Integrated set of principles that explain/predict observable event

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9
Q

Hypothesis

A

Testable prediction about relationship

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10
Q

Falsifiable

A

Tested by collecting evidence

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11
Q

Parsimonious

A

simplest explanation

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12
Q

Conceptual variable

A

Conceived at abstract level

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13
Q

Operational definition

A

definition of C.V.

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14
Q

Case Study

A

intense examination of particular individual/situation

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15
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

no interference or manipulation

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16
Q

Survey

A

Questions to attain beliefs, attitudes, etc.

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17
Q

Experiment

A

Random assignment, dep/ind variables, constant, cause and effect

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18
Q

Correlational coefficient

A

-1 to +1, shows strength/direction of relationship (third variables can come into play)

19
Q

Descriptive Statistics

A

Summarize data set

20
Q

Inferential Statistics

A

Likeliness that data not due to chance, statistical significance

21
Q

Neurons

A

Units of nervous system, have ability to communicate w/ each other (aka nerve cells)

22
Q

Action Potential

A

gets shot down through axon

23
Q

Axon

A

Normally polarized, have action potential, changes can suddenly depolarize it, all or none, can fire rapidly

24
Q

Synaptic Transmission

A

when action potential reaches end of axon, it causes the release of neurotransmitters into neural synapse

neurotransmitters bind to receptors on dendrite of other neurons

causes changes in dendrite of receiving neuron, resulting in depolarization, spreads down into that neuron and the process starts over

25
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Dopamine/Seratonin/Endorphins (Endorphins bind to same receptors as opiates, “endogenous morphine”, pain relief/mood elevation)

26
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Not encased in bone

carries out sensory/motor functions

includes somatic/autonomic systems

27
Q

Somatic System

A

Part of PNS

transmits messages from senses to CNS and from CNS to skeletal muscles

28
Q

Autonomic System

A

Part of PNS

messages between CNS and involuntary organs

contains sympathetic/parasympathetic systems

29
Q

Sympathetic System

A

Part of Autonomic Systtem

mobilizes body for action in face of stress

30
Q

Parasympathetic System

A

Part of Autonomic System

regulates functions to conserve energy

31
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Spinal Cord/Brain

Encased in bone

central processing unit of body

controls all thinking

32
Q

Spinal Cord

A

receives signals from peripheral senses, relays to brain

carries signals from brain to muscles

directs simple behavior without brain (reflexes)

33
Q

Brain Stem

A

Medulla/Pons

Older brain structure

blood pressure, heart rate, breathing

34
Q

Reticular formation

A

older brain structure

filters incoming info, involved in attention/arousal

35
Q

Thalamus

A

older brain structure

relays signals from senses to brain

makes sense of incoming info

36
Q

Cerebellum

A

older brain structure

processes sensory input

controls coordinated movements/balance

37
Q

Limbic System

A

controls basic emotions/drives

38
Q

Amygdala

A

in limbic system

emotional significance

39
Q

Hippocampus

A

forms new memories

regulates hunger, thirst, sex drives, attention/arousal

40
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

wrinkled outer surface of brain

newest part of brain

anatomical areas - frontal, pariental, temporal, and occipital lobes

functional areas - motor, somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortexes

41
Q

Left hemisphere of brain

A

controls right side of body

languages production/comprehension

42
Q

Right hemisphere of brain

A

left side of body

spatial relations, drawing shapes

43
Q

Genotype

A

organisms’s genetic makeup w/ respect to a trait

44
Q

Phenotype

A

visible form of trait

psych 110 lafayette (1 decks)

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