Prologue and Chapter 1

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

study of human behavior (observable actions) and mental process (thoughts, feelings)

Question 2

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 2

father of experimental psychology.

Question 3

introspection

Answer 3

looking inward to examine own conscious. then report it.

Question 4

structuralism

Answer 4

Edward Bradford

structure of mind and behavior

Question 5

functionalism

Answer 5

behavior and mental processes help us adapt to environment

Question 6

psycho dynamic approach

Answer 6

emphasized unconscious and unresolved conflict from past

Question 7

behaviorism

Answer 7

rejected subjectivity of structure and functionalism

only environmental influences matter

Question 8

Humanistic psychology

Answer 8

uniqueness of humans and their capacity for choice and growth

Question 9

gestalt psychology

Answer 9

individuals perceive objects

Question 10

cognitive revolution

Answer 10

expanded mental process

Question 11

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 11

study of brain activity

Question 12

empiricism

Answer 12

knowledge and intellect inquired through senses

Question 13

nature vs nurture

Answer 13

genetics or experiences?

biology or environment?

Question 14

Goals

Answer 14

description
explanation
prediction
influence

Question 15

hindsight bias

Answer 15

“i knew it all along” phenomenon.

believed as the only outcome

Question 16

occam’s razor

Answer 16

the simplest solution is usually the correct one

Question 17

scientific theory

Answer 17

theory
hypothesis
gathering data and analyze (depends on question)
draw conclusions
revise theory

Question 18

Case studies

Answer 18

involves few people

rich description of individual

Question 19

limitations of descriptive studies

Answer 19

case exceptions
decreased generalizability
observer bias

Question 20

survey

Answer 20

large number of people answering questions

Question 21

limitations of surveys

Answer 21

wording effect
random sampling
desirability bias
inaccurate introspection

Question 22

naturalistic

Answer 22

in natural settings

Question 23

laboratory

Answer 23

in controlled settings

Question 24

correlation

Answer 24

a statistical measure of relationship

Question 25

third variable problem

Answer 25

relationship between two variables may be due to a third unmeasured variable

Question 26

independent variable

Answer 26

variable is maniupulated

Question 27

dependent variable

Answer 27

variable is measured

Question 28

confound

Answer 28

extra variable related to independent and dependent variable leading to false conclusions

Question 29

experimental group

Answer 29

exposed to independent variable

Question 30

control group

Answer 30

not exposed to independent variable

used for comparison

Question 31

operational definition

Answer 31

statement of procedures used to define research variables