Prologue Flashcards
Who was Plato?
Student of Socrates, nature side of debate, mind is separable, knowledge is innate
Define Psychology
Scientific study of behavior and mental process
Who is Socrates?
Teacher of Plato, the mind is separable from the body, continues after the body dies, knowledge is innate, nature
Who is Aristotle?
Soul isn’t separable from mind, knowledge is observed, pre-existing, grows from experience stored in memory
Who is Descartes?
Mind is separable from body, spirit animals, nerves enable reflexes did dissections, father of modern philosophy, mind and body distinct and inseparable,
Who is Francis Bacon
Scientific method, observation and hypothesis, nurture side of debate
Who was John Locke?
Mind at birth is a blank slate “tabula rosa”, coined empiricism
What is empiricism?
Coined by Locke, view that knowledge originates due to experience via senses, sciences flourishes through observation and experimentation
Who is Wilhelm Wundt?
“Atoms of the mind”, did the 1st experiment, 1st laboratory, he tested balls and looked at roses
What is structuralism?
Early study of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the mind, Titchener coined
Who was Edward Titchener?
Coined Structuralism, student of Wundt,
What is Introspection?
Looking forward
What is functionalism
School of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function, how they enable the organisms to adapt, survive, and flourish, coined by William James
William James
Founder of Functionalism, he let Mary Calkins study (1st to let a girl study at Harvard) disliked structuralism, conscience serves a purpose
Who was Mary Calkins?
Graduate student of William James, earned a Ph.D, 1st APA, American psychologist association president
Who was Margaret Floy Washburn?
1st Ph.D at Harvard, the animal mind
What is humanistic psychology?
A perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people, used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of growth
Ex. Freud, Carl Rogers, and Abraham Moslow
What is the Nature-Nurture Issue?
Debate over if genes and experience make to development of psychology traits and behaviors
What is natural selection?
The best traits will be past on, Charles Darwin
What is levels of analysis?
Differing complementary views, from biological, to psychological, to social culture, for analyzing a phenomenon
Stone Age?
Trephining or chipping holes in he skull to let evil spirits out
What is the evolutionary perspective?
How the natural selection of traits promote the perpetuation of ones genes!
What is behavior genetics perspective?
How much our genes and environment influence our individual differences’
What is the neuroscience perspective?
How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences
What is the psychodynamic perspective?
Hidden unconscience motives/desires
What is the behavioral perspective?
Observable behavior rather than the hidden mental
What is the cognitive perspective?
How the mind organizes and makes sense of information and experiences, studies all aspects of thinking, problem solving, memories, and language
What is the social-cultural perspective?
Studies how social surroundings and culture shape thinking and behavior
What is basic research?
Pure science used to increase the scientific knowledge base
What is applied research?
Scientific study aimed to solve practical problems
Who is biological psychologists?
They study kinks between the brain and the mind
Who are developmental psychologists?
Studying the changing abilities from womb to tomb
Who are cognitive psychologists?
Experiment sigh how we perceive, think, and solve problems
Who are personality psychologists?
Investigate out persistent traits
Who are social psychologists?
The explore how we view and affect one another
Who are counseling psychologists?
Assist people with problems and give them advice and medicine
Who are clinical psychologists?
Studies, assesses, and treats people with clinical disorders
What is Psychiatry?
Branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders, physicians who provide treatment
What is phrenology?
Franz Gall, the reading of bumps on ones head to determine their personality!
