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REI > Prolog > Flashcards

Prolog Flashcards

1
Q

Fructose, the energy source in sperm, is absent in cases of

A

obstructive azoospermia

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2
Q

number one genetic cause of premature ovarian failure

A

Fragile X

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3
Q

how long after bariatric surgery to wait for pregnancy?

A

12-18 months

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4
Q

Oral contraceptives can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by approximately __% in BRCA1 mutation carriers

A

50%

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5
Q

Women with exercise-induced amenorrhea have __ leptin levels than ovulatory females

A

lower

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6
Q

normal AMH

A

1.5 - 6ish

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7
Q

Initial evaluation of premature thelarche should include (labs)

A

blood estradiol and TSH levels and bone age

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8
Q

whole arm exchange between acrocentric chromosomes =

A

robertsonian translocation

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9
Q

administration of cyclic progesterone for a patient with polycystic ovary syndrome mimics

A

involution of the corpus luteum

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10
Q

Which is better in pregnancy, bromocriptine or cabergoline?

A

Cabergoline

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11
Q

A thrombophilia panel is indicated when losses occur after __ weeks, when __

A

10 weeks

when thrombosis can occur in the vasculature of the placenta.

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12
Q

treatment for postpartum thyroiditis

A

observation

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13
Q

Postpartum thyroiditis almost exclusively affects

A

thyroid antibody-positive women.

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14
Q

The ovulation induction medication most likely to result in high-order multiple gestation

A

gonadotropin

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15
Q

The most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia is deficiency in

A

21-hydroxylase

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16
Q

genetic inheritance of CAH

A

autosomal recessive

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17
Q

A small percentage of patients with CAH may be hyper- tensive secondary to mineralocorticoid deficiency. These patients typically have a deficiency in __ enzyme

A

11β-hydroxylase

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18
Q

Patients who fail to achieve puberty, who are hyper- tensive, or who have primary amenorrhea should be evaluated for __ deficiency

A

17α-hydroxylase

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19
Q

cutaneous pigmentations, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, and multiple endocrine abnormalities

A

McCune Albright syndrome

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20
Q

child walking with limp, hyperpigmented lesions on skin, low LH and FSH

A

McCune Albright syndrome

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21
Q

treatment for McCune Albright

A

aromatase inhibitor

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22
Q

Children with premature adrenarche are more likely to develop adult

A

PCOS

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23
Q

Evaluation for premature adrenarche includes (6 labs)

A

DHEAS, FSH, LH, testosterone, TSH, and morning 17-hydroxyprogesterone

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24
Q

2 benign conditions of the ovary that are unique to pregnancy and lead to hirsutism and virilization

A

Ovarian luteoma

hyperreactio luteinalis

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25
Q

the presence of multiple theca-lutein cysts bilaterally due to hCG stimulation

A

Hyperreactio luteinalis

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26
Q

HRT risks in study

A

increased risk of stroke in estrogen only and E+P

increased risk of stroke, cardiac, breast cancer in E+P

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27
Q

only environmental factor proven to impact SA and and ferility

A

hot tub use

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28
Q

men heterozygous for CF have congenital absence of

A

vas deferens

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29
Q

the best chance for conception is on the day of

A

LH surge

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30
Q

Deficiency in __ secretion is a serious condition associated with Sheehan syndrome

A

ACTH

Because adrenal insufficiency can result in a life-threatening adrenal crisis

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31
Q

how to test for adrenal insufficiency

A

early-morning serum cortisol levels

32
Q

The technique associated with IVF most likely to identify a genetically normal ongoing pregnancy is

A

trophectoderm biopsy

33
Q

most common EMB finding in PCOS with heavy bleeding

A

disordered proliferative endometrium

34
Q

What imaging should you use for the detection of uterine anomalies?

A

three dimension ultrasound

35
Q

28-year-old nulligravid woman comes to your office with primary infertility. She has regular menstrual cycles. Hysterosalpingography is normal. Her partner’s repeat semen analysis confirms oligospermia. Physical examination demonstrates palpable varicoceles when standing and with Valsalva maneuver. The best next step in management for the male partner is

A

varicocelectomy

36
Q

Ashkenazi Jewish 23-year-old nulligravid woman visits your office with irregular menstrual cycles. She is interested in becoming pregnant. She has seen her dermatologist for acne and hirsut- ism and has been shaving her chin weekly for the past 10 years. On physical examination, she has acne on her face and mild hair growth on her upper lip and chin. She shows no signs or symptoms of virilization.

A

Late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia (or nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia) — onset of hirsutism around menarche

37
Q

how to diagnose late onset CAH

A

morning follicular 17α-hydroxyprogesterone

38
Q

mutation in Late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

50–80% loss of 21-hydroxylase activity (P450c21 enzyme) due to mutations in the CYP21A2 gene

39
Q

most common tumor that causes central precocious puberty

A

hypothalamic hamartoma

40
Q

What happens in hypothalamic hamartoma

A

astroglial cells within the tumor release transform- ing growth factor-beta protein to induce GnRH release from the hypothalamus

41
Q

three syndromes that cause peripheral precocious puberty

A

McCune–Albright syndrome
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
silver-russell syndrome

42
Q

normal FSH levels

A

midcycle peak 15-35

postmenopause 24-170

43
Q

describe Fragile X mutations

A

dynamic trinucleotide repeat (CGG) sequence mutation in the X-linked FMR1 gene at the terminal end of the long arm of the X chromosome

44
Q

19-year-old nulligravid woman comes to your office with primary amenorrhea. She is 1.75 m (69 in.) tall with Tanner stage 1 breast development and Tanner stage 3 pubic hair. Her follicle- stimulating hormone level is 52 mIU/mL. Her endocrine screening is otherwise normal. Her karyotype is 46,XY
diagnosis?

A

Swyer syndrome

45
Q

19-year-old nulligravid woman comes to your office with primary amenorrhea. She is 1.75 m (69 in.) tall with Tanner stage 1 breast development and Tanner stage 3 pubic hair. Her follicle- stimulating hormone level is 52 mIU/mL. Her endocrine screening is otherwise normal. Her karyotype is 46,XY
Next step?

A

gonadectomy

46
Q

frequency with which patients will have at least one patent fallopian tube at 3 months after Essure microinsert placement is

A

less than 5%

47
Q

Male Secondary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism can be caused by __ and __.

A

obesity and anabolic steroids

48
Q

how to achieve pregnancy in Kallman syndrome

A

human menopausal gonadotropins

49
Q

The most accurate way to evaluate insulin resistance in patients with PCOS is

A

hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp

50
Q

DHEAS is almost exclusively derived from __

A

the adrenal glands

51
Q

Name 4 commonly used bisphosphonates

A

alendronate sodium, ibandronate sodium, risedronate sodium, and zoledronic acid.

52
Q

The earliest test that will identify a diminished ovarian reserve is

A

AMH

53
Q

hyperandrogenism in pregnancy with bilateral ovarian enlargement, multicystic ovaries

A

hyperreactio luteinalis (multiple benign theca-lutein cysts)

54
Q

A 19-year-old woman with primary amenorrhea and lack of breast development visits your clinic. She is 1.73 m (68 in.) tall and weighs 63.5 kg (140 lb). On physical examination, she has Tanner stage 1 breast development and Tanner stage 1 pubic hair. Genital examination reveals a cervix. Her follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels are 76 mIU/mL and 64 mIU/mL, respectively. Her estradiol level is less than 20 pg/mL. The most likely diagnosis is

A

Swyer

55
Q

Individuals with Kallmann syndrome typically have__ gonadotropin levels.

A

low

56
Q

relative to laparoscopic-assisted surgery, robotic-assisted surgery increases her risk of

A

small-bowel obstruction

57
Q

how to diagnose Cushing syndrome

A

overnight dexamethasone suppression test

58
Q

FDA)-approved bioidentical hormone prescribed for menopausal symptoms

A

17β-estradiol

59
Q

time that the window of fertilization ends is

A

the day of ovulation

60
Q

The type of stem cells that presently hold the most promise for stem cell-based therapy for infertile patients is

A

induced pluripotent

61
Q

the sterilization method most amenable to surgical reversal is

A

laparoscopic application of a band or clip

62
Q

Criteria Used to Calculate the 5-Year Risk of Breast Cancer According to the Modified Gail Model

A

age, age at menarche, age at first live birth, number first degree relatives w breast cancer, number previous breast biopsies, whether any breast bx has shown atypical hyperplasia, race

63
Q

karyotype and serum T level for: Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS)

A

46,XY karyotype and serum testosterone in the male range

64
Q

karyotype and serum T level for: Pure gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome)

A

46,XY karyotype and serum testosterone in the female range

65
Q

karyotype and serum T level for: Trisomy X syndrome

A

47,XXX karyotype and serum testosterone in the female range

66
Q

most likely genetic disorder: A 53-year-old woman was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. She has a paternal grandmother with breast and ovarian cancer and a father with prostate cancer. She is most likely to have a mutation associated with a region in exon 11 of the mutated gene.

A

BRCA2 mutation

67
Q

most likely genetic disorder: Autosomal dominant disorder associated with mutations of the STK11 gene that causes tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, breast, ovary, cervix, and testis as well as mucocutaneous pigmentation.

A

Peutz–Jeghers syndrome

68
Q

most likely genetic disorder: Germline mismatch mutation of the MLH6 gene that confers a higher risk of endome- trial cancer and a slightly lower risk of colorectal cancer compared with MLH1 and MSH2 mutations.

A

Lynch II syndrome, ie, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

69
Q

Corticosteroids increase placental production of this hormone

A

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

70
Q

Human placental lactogen is a product of the placenta and has __like activity.

A

growth hormone

71
Q

most likely circulating serum level of LNG in pg/mL: 30-microgram ethinyl estradiol with 150-microgram LNG oral contraceptive (OC) pill 24 hours after ingestion

A

2,000–3,000

72
Q

most likely circulating serum level of LNG in pg/mL: Single-dose progestin-only emergency contraceptive 2 hours after ingestion

A

10,000–15,000

73
Q

most likely circulating serum level of LNG in pg/mL: A 5-year LNG intrauterine device (IUD)

A

100–200

74
Q

likely diagnosis for a woman with hirsutism and High 24-hour urinary free cortisol

A

Cushing syndrome

75
Q

likely diagnosis for a woman with hirsutism and Total testosterone level of 300 ng/dL Follicular phase morning blood tests showing 17-hydroxyprogesterone level of 488 ng/dL

A

Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor

76
Q

laparoscopic surgery with Tachycardia, hypoxia, hypotension, and decreased end tidal carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

Gas embolism

REI (2 decks)

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