prolapse

Question 1

Uterine Prolapse

Answer 1

Uterine prolapse is where the uterus itself descends into the vagina.

Question 2

Vault Prolapse

Answer 2

Vault prolapse occurs in women that have had a hysterectomy, and no longer have a uterus. The top of the vagina (the vault) descends into the vagina.

Question 3

Rectocele

Answer 3

Rectoceles are caused by a defect in the posterior vaginal wall, allowing the rectum to prolapse forwards into the vagina causing constipation and urinary retention

Question 4

Cystocele

Answer 4

Cystoceles are caused by a defect in the anterior vaginal wall, allowing the bladder to prolapse backwards into the vagina.

Question 5

urethrocele

Answer 5

prolapse of urethra

Question 6

cystourethrocele.

Answer 6

Prolapse of both the bladder and the urethra is called a cystourethrocele.

Question 7

Risk Factors

Answer 7

Multiple vaginal deliveries
Instrumental, prolonged or traumatic delivery
Advanced age and postmenopause status
Obesity
Chronic respiratory disease causing coughing
Chronic constipation causing straining

Question 8

Presentation

Answer 8

A feeling of “something coming down” in the vagina
A dragging or heavy sensation in the pelvis
Urinary symptoms, such as incontinence, urgency, frequency, weak stream and retention
Bowel symptoms, such as constipation, incontinence and urgency
Sexual dysfunction, such as pain, altered sensation and reduced enjoyment

Question 9

ivg

Answer 9

sims speculum

Question 10

management

Answer 10

if asymptomatic and mild prolapse then no treatment needed
conservative: weight loss, pelvic floor muscle exercises
ring pessary
surgery

Question 11

cystocele/cystourethrocele:

Answer 11

anterior colporrhaphy,

Question 12

uterine prolapse:

Answer 12

hysterectomy, sacrohysteropexy

Question 13

rectocele

Answer 13

posterior colporrhaphy