Prolactin Hormone

Question 1

GR: Prolactin is high during pregnancy yet there is no milk production

Answer 1

Becuae high levels of estrogen & progesterone block its receptors in the mammary glands

Question 2

PRL stimulates formation of……for milk production

Answer 2

Casein, lactalbumin

Question 3

Milk production is maintained by……

Answer 3

Neuroendocrine reflex (suckling)

Question 4

GR: During lactation there is infertility & amenorrhea

Answer 4

Due to high prolactin which prevents ovulation by inhibiting effect of gonadotrophic hormones

Question 5

List:
1. Stimulators of PRL
2. Inhibitor of PRL

Answer 5

1. Nursing, sleep, stress, estrogen, TSH&TRH
2. PIH, somatostatin, DA agonist

Question 6

Hyperprolactenemia may be due to……
List its manifestations in males & females

Answer 6

Tumor of ant pituitary/hypothalamic dysfunction
In m, hypogonadism & sterility/impotence
In f, amenorrhea, galactorrhea, sterility

Question 7

Enumerate manifestations of Simmond’s disease

Answer 7

1. Arrested growth in children & accelerated aging in adults
2. Atrophy of thyroid gland leading to cretinism in childrem & myxedema in adults
3. Atrophy of some zones of adrenal cortex leading to inability to resist stressful condition
4. Atrophy of gonads leading to hypogonadism & impaired sexual function in male & stopping sex cycles in female
5. Hypoglycemia due to loss of insulin antagonists
6. Severe pallor due to lossof ACTH
7. Mild loss of weight due to loss of anabolic effects of GH & androgens