prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells

Question 1

cell wall

Answer 1

rigid outermost layer found in plants and certain algae, bacteria, and fungi. it is involved with support and protection of the cell.

Question 2

mitochondria

Answer 2

converts chemical energy into energy that is useable by the cell

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

contains genetic material; considered the control center of the cell

Question 4

lysosome

Answer 4

involved in cleanup in the cell; digests and recycles materials in the cell. it is also involved in waste removal.

Question 5

golgi apparatus/golgi body

Answer 5

stores, modifies, and packages proteins; gets proteins ready for specific functions and prepares them for transport

Question 6

chloroplasts

Answer 6

converts carbon dioxide, water, and energy from sunlight to produce glucose (sugar) and oxygen. found in plant cells and some algae

Question 7

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

makes and transports lipids and proteins, removes toxins, and is a roadway for transportation in the cell. ribosomes are found on some of this organelle

Question 8

cell membrane

Answer 8

contains the organelles and cytoplasm of a cell; cell part is that it is not solid so it permits nutrients and water to pass into and waste to pass out of the cell

Question 9

ribosomes

Answer 9

an organelle that is the site where protein is build in the cell. DNA, genetic code, is used to build proteins at this organelle

Question 10

vacuole

Answer 10

organelle involved in storage of nutrients, water, and cellular waste

Question 11

cytoplasm

Answer 11

contains the organelles, organelles are suspended in this cell part. allows the transportation in the cell

Question 12

cell membrane

Answer 12

a protective layer that covers the cells surface and controls what moves in and out of the cell. (in ALL cells)

Question 13

chloroplasts

Answer 13

organelles in plant cells that trap sunlight; organelle in which photosynthesis takes place

Question 14

nucleolus

Answer 14

a darkened area in the nucleus which stores materials that will be used to make ribosomes

Question 15

prokaryote

Answer 15

a single celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Question 16

eukaryote

Answer 16

an organism made up of cells that contain their DNA in a nucleus

Question 17

organelle

Answer 17

a small body is a cells cytoplasm that is specialized to perform a specific function

Question 18

cell

Answer 18

basic units of life

Question 19

cell theory

Answer 19

all living things are composed of cells. cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. new cells are produced from existing cells

Question 20

nuclear envelope

Answer 20

surrounds the nucleus and controls what goes in and out of the nucleus through the nuclear pores

Question 21

chromatin

Answer 21

DNA bound to protein and contained in the nucleus of the cell

Question 22

centriole

Answer 22

one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells that is involved in cellular reproduction. centrioles organize the microtubules of the cytoskeleton to form the spindle fibers that help to separate chromosomes during nuclear division

Question 23

chlorophyll

Answer 23

principle pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms. this pigment captures light energy.

Question 24

cilia

Answer 24

short hair like projections similar to flagella which produce movement in many cells

Question 25

diffusion

Answer 25

process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated

Question 26

flagella

Answer 26

a whip like structure that provides a cell with the ability to move from place to place

Question 27

osmosis

Answer 27

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 28

passive transport

Answer 28

the diffusion of particles or substances across the cell membrane without the use of energy

Question 29

active transport

Answer 29

energy requiring process that moves material across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient. for example: from a lower concentration to a higher concentration

Question 30

unicellular

Answer 30

single celled organism

Question 31

isotonic

Answer 31

the concentration of a solute is the same on both sides of the cell membrane. the system is in equilibrium with the concentration of the solute the same inside and outside the cell

Question 32

hypertonic

Answer 32

the concentration of the solute outside the membrane is higher than the concentration of the of the solute inside the cell membrane. water will move outside the cell and the cell will shrink

Question 33

hypotonic

Answer 33

the concentration of the solute inside the cell is higher than the concentration outside the cell. water will flow across the cell membrane into cell and eventually cause the cell to burst

Question 34

facilitated diffusion

Answer 34

molecules that cannot diffuse across the cell membrane bilipid layer move through protein channels within the membrane instead

Question 35

endocytosis

Answer 35

the process of taking material into the cell by means of pockets of the cell membrane. the pocke breaks loose forming a vacuole inside the cytoplasm. this is a form of active transport-requiring energy

Question 36

exocytosis

Answer 36

the membrane of a vacuole fuses with the cell membrane forcing the contents of the vacuole out of the cell. this is an example of active transport-requiring energy