Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells Flashcards
Cell theory
- every living thing is made of one or more cells
- The cell is the basic unit of structure and function
- all cells come from other cells
What do all cells have? (5)
cytoplasm, ribosomes, genetic material, cytoskeleton, cell membrane
shape of genetic material, pro vs eu
pro- circular DNA
eu- linear DNA
Complexity of pro vs eu
pro- no membrane bound organelles
eu- membrane bound organelles
What is the biggest difference between pro and eu cells?
pro- does not have nucleus
eu- has nucleus
cell division, pro vs eu
pro- binary fission
eu- mitosis (copy of nucleus)
Source of genetic variation (mutations), pro vs eu?
pro- conjugation via pili
eu- meiosis
pro vs eu, unicellular or multicellular?
pro - uni
eu- multi
which kingdoms are made of which cell type?
pro- Archaea, Bacteria
eu- Protista, Animalia, Fungi, Plantae
What does the endosymbiosis Theory state?
explains how eukaryotic cells evolved from symbiotic relationship between two or more prokaryotic cells.
What happened, according to the theory?
The prokaryotic larger cell engulfed a smaller prokaryotic cell. The engulfed (endosymbiont) becomes an internal part of the engulfing cell (host cell).
Describe the course of the theory
1-Ancestral prokaryotic cell
ingested another aerobic cell.
2- lived symbiotically together (this become the mitochondria)
3- some other cells also ingested another photosynthetic cell (became chloroplasts)
Evidence of this theory?
1) Mitochondria and chloroplast have two membranes (outer
membrane similar to host cell, inner membrane very different)
2) Mitochondria and chloroplast have their own DNA
3) Mitochondria and chloroplast can divide on their own within the
cell/independent of the host cell
why is this important?
1) lead to more complex cells and increased diversity of unicellular organisms, through the addition of mitochondria and chloroplasts. This is how you have diverse organisms. mutations= diversity.
2) eventually leads to multicellular organisms
