Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells

Question 1

Requirements of Cell Survival (E,M,SN, AA,FA,G,NA,I,W R)

Answer 1

o energy sources (light or chemical)
o matter (gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen)
o simple nutrients in the form of monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
o amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, nucleic acids, ions, and water
o removal of wastes

Question 2

Similarities Between Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have many features in common, which is a reflection of their common evolutionary past.

Question 3

Differences Between Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
(IM-BO,N,S,SCC,SC)

Answer 3

• Prokaryotic cells lack internal membrane-bound organelles
• Prokaryotic Cells do not have a nucleus
• Prokaryotic cells are significantly smaller than eukaryotes
• Prokaryotic Cells usually have a single circular chromosome
• Prokaryotic cells exist as single cells

Question 4

Prokaryotic Cells Features (IM-BO,N,S,SCC,SC)

Answer 4

Lack internal membrane-bound organelles
Do not have a nucleus
Smaller than eukaryotes
Single circular chromosome
Exist as single cells

Question 5

Prokaryotic Cell Structure (C,R,CC,N,P,CM,CW,C,F,P)

Answer 5

• Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance that surrounds and holds organelles
• Ribosomes: Site of protein synthesis (makes proteins)
• Circular chromosome (genophore): DNA molecule containing genetic material
• Nucleoid: Space that surrounds the chromosome
• Plasmids: DNA molecules separate to chromosomes (used in genetic modification)
• Cell membrane: Controls entry and exit of different solutes
• Cell wall: Provides structure and support to cell
• Capsule: Protective layer that protects against pathogens
• Flagellum: Allows the prokaryote to move
• Pili: transfer of DNA between organisms and help movement

Question 6

Eukaryotic Specialised Organelles
(CMR&SERPL)

Answer 6

Chloroplasts (photosynthesis)
Mitochondria (cellular respiration)
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (synthesis of proteins)
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (synthesis carbohydrates, lipids, steroids)
Plastids (synthesis of pigments, tannins, and polyphenols).
Lysosomes (removal of cellular products and wastes)

Question 7

Key Differences Of Eukaryotic Cells (S,C,M,R&SER,L,P)

Answer 7

Specialised organelles
Chloroplasts (photosynthesis)
Mitochondria (cellular respiration)
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (synthesis of proteins)
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (synthesis carbohydrates, lipids, steroids)
Plastids (synthesis of pigments, tannins, and polyphenols).
Lysosomes (removal of cellular products and wastes)