Prokaryotic cells Flashcards
List the additional organelles that all prokaryotic cells have in addition to eukaryotic cells:
Smaller and fewer ribosomes
Free genetic material - nucleoid
Cell wall
What is an organelle?
Small structures within a cell in the cytosol with a specific function
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell of an organism belonging to the kingdom of the prokaryote’s that is characterised by lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. But has no nucleus so DNA is found free in the cytoplasm, they are much smaller than eukaryotic cells. Eg: bacteria
Free genetic material (nucleoid)…
Found as a single strand of circular DNA with no histones (instead of a nucleus), contains info for replication of bacteria
Cell wall..
Made of murein ( glycoprotein), for support, protection and prevents shape change
List the additional organelles that all prokaryotic cells have in addition to eukaryotic cells but not all have them:
One or more plasmid
A slime capsule
One or more flagellum
One or more pillus
What is a plasmid?
An additional circular piece of DNA, responsible for advantageous adaptations/characteristics eg: resistance to harmful chemicals like antibiotics
What is a slime capsule?
Surrounds the cell wall and membrane allow adhesion so colonies can stick together and also increases protection of bacteria from attack by cells of the immune system
What is the purpose of flagellum?
Allows locomotion (movement)
What is the purpose of pillus?
Allows interactions between cells eg: sex pillus allowing exchange of plasmids
