Prokaryotic Cells

Question 0

Ribosomes

Answer 0

The smaller 70s type

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

Contains all the enzymes needed for metabolic reactions since there are no organelles

Question 2

Nucleotides

Answer 2

It’s the region of cytoplasm containing DNA. It is it surrounded by a membrane.

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

Always circular and not associated with any protein to form chromatin.

Question 4

Plasmid

Answer 4

Small circles of DNA used to exchange DNA between bacteria cells and very useful for genetic engineering.

Question 5

Cell membrane

Answer 5

Made up of phospholipids and proteins

Question 6

Mesosome

Answer 6

A tightly folded region of the membrane (containing all the membrane bound proteins needed for respiration and photosynthesis)

Question 7

Cell wall

Answer 7

Made of Murein which is a glycoprotein (peptidoglycan).
There are two types and are distinguished by Gram stain:
-Gram positive bacteria (thick cell wall stains purple)
-Gram negative bacteria ( thin cell wall stains pink)

Question 8

Capsule

Answer 8

A thick polysaccharide layer outside of the cell wall. It is used for sticking cells together, food reserve, protection against drying out, chemicals and phagocytosis.

Question 9

Flagellum

Answer 9

A rigid rotating helical-shaped tail used for propulsion. Embedded into the membrane, it is driven by H+ gradient across the membrane.
Clockwise rotation = forward
Anticlockwise rotation = chaotic spin