Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
What are prokaryotic cells?
A category of cell that houses its genetic material in an irregularly shaped region called nucleoid.
Prokaryotic reproduction occurs through ________________.
Binary Fission
A prokaryotic’s ribosome (70S) is composed of two subunits ( ___ and ___ ) and ____% RNA
50S, 30S, 60
Found to have cytoskeletons structural filaments that aids in cell division and other cellular functions.
Prokaryotic Cells
What are its external structures for protection?
Cell wall and Capsule
What are its external structures for locomotion?
Flagella, Fimbriae, and Pili
What is a Cell Wall?
it is an extra layer of protection usually made of peptidoglycan.
It provides shape and rigidity to prokaryotes.
Cell Wall
What is a Capsule?
It is the sticky layer composed of carbohydrates that aids the cell attach to surfaces.
What are Flagella?
Whip-like structures responsible for bacterial motility by responding to chemical gradients in the environment.
Whip-like structures responsible for bacterial motility by responding to chemical gradients (____________) in the environment (_________).
protons, chemotaxis
What are Fimbriae?
Filamentous structures that helps the cell adhere to surfaces.
It is a filamentous structure that are shorter than Pili
Fimbriae
These are fibrous proteins commonly found in bacteria.
Pili
What is the function of a Pili?
They are used to transfer genetic material during conjugation.
What are the components of a Prokaryotic Cell?
- Capsule
- Cell wall
- Plasma membrane
- Nucleoid
- Flagellum
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
- Plasmid
What are Eukaryotic Cells?
A category of cell that has a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles that allow compartmentalization in the cell.
A category of cell that has a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles that allow ______________ in the cell.
compartmentalization
An eukaryotic cell’s ribosome is larger than prokaryotes and mostly made of ________ (___%)
proteins, 60
Eukaryotic cell division occurs in two major steps: ________ and _________
mitosis, cytokinesis.
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles (Common)
- Mitochondria/Mitochondrion
- Golgi Body/Apparatus
- Vesicles
- Lysosomes
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
Eukaryotic Cell Structure of Plants, Algae, and Fungi
- cell wall
- vacuole
- chloroplast
Eukaryotic Cell Structure of Animals
- centrioles
- flagella
- cilia
