prokaryotic and eukaryotic Flashcards
what is an archaea
extremophiles able to survive in high temp, salt and pressure they are single cells
what are classed as prokaryotic cells
bacteria and archaea
what are classed as eukaryotic cells
eukarya- animal cells
are viruses cells
NO
what are the properties of prokaryotic cells
smaller, compact genome, simple-no organelles, cytoplasm membrane used for energy conservation
what are the properties of eukaryotic cells
larger, DNA in membrane bound nucleus, membrane bound organelles, DNA replication and transcription in nucleus, translation in cytoplasm
surface area to volume ratio
alters growth rate, smaller cells= faster growth, every time DNA replicates there is a mutation, haploid- mutations are expressed, smaller cells- more adaptation to environment example antibiotic resistance
cytoplasmic membrane
phospholipid bilayer- hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails. Bacteria and Eukaryotic- ester links fatty acid to glycerol and archaea have ester bonds and lipid monolayer
membrane function
permeability barrier polar and charged molecules, prevents leakage, nutrient in and waste out
ANCHOR FOR PROTEINS-catalyst of bioenergetic reactions, transport of solutes in and out and proton motive source (energy) and chemotataxis energy concervation- site f generation and use of proton motive force
chemotaxis
movement of a cell in a direction either up or down a gradient
bacterial cell walls
ridged and prevent cell lysis (breakdown of cell). osmotic pressure is caused by transport of solutes 2 types GRAM POSS GRAM NEG
Gram positive
peptidoglycan and membrane
gram negative
thin peptidoglycan, periplasm and has an outer membrane
peptidoglycan
gives rigidity backbone cross linkage destroyed by lysozyme (tears and saliva) target for antibiotics
gram stain
-different colour due to diff structure of the cell wall
1. crystal violet added 1 min, rinsed (all purple)
2. add iodine 1 min-rinsed
3. add acetone or alcohol 30 sec and rinse
GRAM POSS- PURPLE
GRAM NEG- PINK
