Prokaryotes: Classification (BE #3)

Question 1

Who introduces binomial nomenclature?

Answer 1

Linnaeus

Question 2

What is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 2

Each species is designated by 2 names.

Question 3

Defne “species” using the eukaryotic definition.

Answer 3

Species is groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populaitons that are reproductively isolated from other groups.

Question 4

Why do bacterial species no fit the traditional definition of species?

Answer 4

Bacteria are able to exchange/share genetic information through conjugation, so are not reproductively isolated.

Question 5

How are bacterial species defined?

Answer 5

Term “species” is used more as a category of convenience (they are grouped based on similarities).

Question 6

Name a bacterial genus.

Answer 6

Streptococcus

Question 7

Name a bacterial species.

Answer 7

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 8

Differentiate between artificial & natural systems of classification.

Answer 8

Artificial - the Linnaean scheme; grouped based on basis of visible similarities

Natural - grouped based on evolutionary relatedness (phylogenetic)

Question 9

List the 3 domains proposed by Woese. ID which are prokaryotic & which are eukaryotic.

Answer 9

1. Eukarya (E)
2. Bacteria (P)
3. Archaea (P)

Question 10

How are archaebacteria different from the true bacteria?

Answer 10

1. Different cell membrane structure
2. Cell wall present, but not composed of peptidoglycan
3. live only in extreme conditions
4. Ex. are: halophiles (salt), thermoacidophiles (heat)

Question 11

What are the 6 Kingdoms now widely accepted by many biologists & the Domain to which they belong?

Answer 11

1. Domain Bacteria: Kingdom Bacteria
2. Domain Archaea: Kingdom Archaea
3. Domain Eukarya:
   
   1. Kingdom Protista
   2. Kingdom Fungi
   3. Kingdom Plantae
   4. Kingdom Animalia

Question 12

What manual do we follow for the classification of bacteria?

Does it follow an artificial or natural system of classification?

Answer 12

Bergey’s Manual

artificial

Question 13

What does “0157:H7” indicate when if follows the species name Escherichia coli?

Answer 13

Indicates the strain of bacterial species.

Question 14

List some of the major methods used to identify bacteria?

Answer 14

1. morphological characteristics (shape, arrangement, presence of spores, flagella, capsules)
2. staining
3. biochemical tests (does it ferment the milk sugar lactose?)

Question 15

Name 3 G(+) bacilli

Answer 15

1. Bacillis subtilis
2. Bacillis anthracis
3. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 16

Name 3 G(+) cocci

Answer 16

1. Streptococcus pyogenes
2. Streptococcus pnuemoniae
3. Staplylococcus aureus

Question 17

Name 3 G(-) bacilli

Answer 17

1. Escherichia coli
2. Proteus mirabilis
3. Enterobacter cloacae

Question 18

What phylum includes the G(-) bacteria

Answer 18

Phylum proteobacteria

Question 19

What phylum includes the G(+) bacteria?

Answer 19

Phylum firmicutes

Question 20

Name 3 species of endospore forming bacilli (rods).

Answer 20

1. Clostridium tetani - tetanus
2. Clostridium perfringens - gas gangrene & food poisoning
3. Bacillus antracis - anthrax

Question 21

What is a unique characteristic of the Mycoplasmas?

Answer 21

no rigid cell wall

Question 22

Name a species of spirochete & the disease it causes.

Answer 22

Treponema pallidum - syphillis

Question 23

What 2 groups of bacteria were once though to be viruses due to their small size & the fact they are obligate intracellular paracites?

Answer 23

1. Rickettsias (Phylum Proteobacteria)
2. Chlamydia