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Bio 122 > prokaryotes and their cell structure > Flashcards

prokaryotes and their cell structure Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three domains of life

A

eukarya
archaea
bacteria

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2
Q

what are the functions of bacterial membrane

A

separates organelles from the environment
selectively permeable barrier
site of respiration/photosynthesis
conserves energy

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3
Q

what does the cell wall do

A

provides shape and protects cell

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4
Q

what are the two groups of bacteria when gram staining

A

gram positive

gram negative

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5
Q

what is a gram positive bacteria

A

it has a thick cell wall that is made of peptidoyglycan layer which traps the crystal violet in the cytoplasm which isn’t rinsed by the use of ethanol (appears blue/purple)

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6
Q

what is the process of gram staining

A

stain with crystal violet
add iodine
wash with ethanol
counter stain with safranin

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7
Q

what is a gram negative bacteria

A

it has a outer membrane and a thin peptidoglycan layer which the crystal violet is easily rinsed by ethanol and then is stained by safranin (apprears red)

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8
Q

peptidoglycan structure

A

a polymer of sugars

sheet structure crossed linked with peptide bridges

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9
Q

what breaks down a peptidoglycan structure

A

lysozyme, disrupts the osmotic regulation

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10
Q

what is the purpose of the capsule

A

proctects from hosts defences

attachment to surfaces

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11
Q

what is the purpose of the fimbriae

A

recognition and attachment to surfaces

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12
Q

what is the purpose of the pili

A

required for mating

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13
Q

what is a polar flagellum

A

flagellum at the end of the cell

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14
Q

what is monotrichous flagellum

A

one flagellum

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15
Q

what is ampitrichous flagellum

A

one flagellum at each end of cell

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16
Q

what is lophotrichous flagellum

A

cluster of flagella at one or both ends

17
Q

what is peritrichous flagellum

A

spread over the entire surface of the cell

18
Q

what is bacterial cytoplasm

A

gelatinous material inside the cell

19
Q

what is the nucleotide

A

a irregular shaped region containing a chromosome/chromosomes

20
Q

what are plasmids

A

closed circular DNA molecules that are transferred between bacteria

21
Q

what are cellular inclusions

A

granules of organic/inorganic material that are reserves for future use

22
Q

how are endospores developed

A
  • decides to use one of two polar division sites for septum formation
  • replication and formation of axial filament
  • the cell separates into two unequal compartments (forespore is smaller)
  • mother cell engulfs fore spore
  • mother cell chromosome destroyed
  • cortex and coat proteins are formed
  • maturation from heat and chemical insults
  • completing development
  • sparangeuim (mother cell) releases mature spore
23
Q

what is the purpose of endospores

A

to ensure survival of bacterium through periods of environmental stress

24
Q

what bacteria make endospores

A

gram positive bacteria

Bio 122 (2 decks)

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