Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes 1.2 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the structure of a prokaryotic cell?
A
- cell wall
- cytoplasm
- plasma membrane
- pilli
- flagellum
- plasmid
- 70S ribosomes
- nucleoid (region containing naked DNA)
2
Q
What is the structure of a eukaryotic cell in a plant?
A
- plasma membrane
- cytoplasm
- nuclear membrane
- nuclear pore
- lysosome
- chloroplast
- vacuole
- mitochondrion (w/ double membrane (cristae))
3
Q
What is the structure of a eukaryotic cell in an animal?
A
- Chromosomes consisting of DNA and histones
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- mitochondrion
- Golgi apparatus
- plasma membrane
- cytoplasm
4
Q
What are the functions of the golgi apparatus and the RER?
A
- ribosomes synthesize on RER to produce proteins
- proteins from RER are used for lysosomes
- Golgi modifies proteins
- exocytosis of proteins in vesicles from the Golgi
The presence of large amounts of RER and many Golgi show that the main function of the cell is to synthesize and secrete proteins.
5
Q
What is binary fission?
A
Prokaryotic cells divide by the process of binary fission: splitting in two.
6
Q
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
A
- eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes
- prokaryotes engulfed other prokaryotes without digesting them
- engulfed aerobic cells became mitochondria
- engulfed photosynthetic cells became chloroplasts
- these organelles have double membranes
- contain 70S ribosomes, instead of 80
- contain their own DNA
- grow and divide via binary fission
