Prokaryotes

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

The Cell Theory states:
All living things are made up of cells
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division

Question 2

All living things are made up of cells
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division

Answer 2

Cell theory

Question 3

Cell

Answer 3

is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions

Question 4

is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions

Answer 4

Cell

Question 5

Prokaryotic (before the nucleus) cells

Answer 5

No nuclear membrane
Genetic material located in the cytoplasm of the cell
Bacteria and some blue-green algae

Question 6

No nuclear membrane
Genetic material located in the cytoplasm of the cell
Bacteria and some blue-green algae

Answer 6

Prokaryotic (before the nucleus) Cells

Question 7

Genetic material inside a nuclear membrane
Animal and plant cells
Most protozoan cells, fungal cells

Answer 7

Eukaryotic (true nucleus) Cells

Question 8

Eukaryotic (true nucleus) Cells

Answer 8

Genetic material inside a nuclear membrane
Animal and plant cells
Most protozoan cells, fungal cells

Question 9

Organelle

Answer 9

An organelle is a miniature organ that carries out a specific function inside a living cell
Can be thought of as a miniature balloon
The membrane of the organelle establishes an inside/outside orientation
The inside environment can be regulated separately

Question 10

is a miniature organ that carries out a specific function inside a living cell
Can be thought of as a miniature balloon
The membrane of the organelle establishes an inside/outside orientation
The inside environment can be regulated separately

Answer 10

Organelle

Question 11

can be visualized as a miniature balloon
A membrane establishes an inside/outside orientation
Internal environment can be regulated separately from external environment
Can selectively take up nutrients and excrete waste products
Can sequester destructive enzymes and chemicals (lysosomes) to carry out a specific task without causing damage to the rest of the cell

Answer 11

CELL MEMBRANE

Question 12

CELL MEMBRANE

Answer 12

A cell membrane can be visualized as a miniature balloon
A membrane establishes an inside/outside orientation
Internal environment can be regulated separately from external environment
Can selectively take up nutrients and excrete waste products
Can sequester destructive enzymes and chemicals (lysosomes) to carry out a specific task without causing damage to the rest of the cell

Question 13

Kingdom: Monera
No nuclear membrane surrounding genetic material
Bacteria have one circular chromosome wadded up in the cell
Bacterial organelles:
A cell membrane
A rigid outer cell wall
Ribosomes in cytoplasm
Free-living, one-celled organisms
Cytoplasm fills the cell (a gel-like substance)
Some species have one or more flagella (singular: flagellum) for locomotion

Answer 13

Prokaryotic Cells
Bacteria, some blue-green algae

Question 14

Prokaryotic Cells
Bacteria, some blue-green algae

Answer 14

Kingdom: Monera
No nuclear membrane surrounding genetic material
Bacteria have one circular chromosome wadded up in the cell
Bacterial organelles:
A cell membrane
A rigid outer cell wall
Ribosomes in cytoplasm
Free-living, one-celled organisms
Cytoplasm fills the cell (a gel-like substance)
Some species have one or more flagella (singular: flagellum) for locomotion

Question 15

plural
Self-replicate by binary fission
Their one chromosome directs reproduction and other cell functions
Cell components are copied and the cell divides in half
Binary fission is asexual reproduction
Cell division produces two identical daughter cells
Bacteria are microscopic and can be seen with 1000x magnification
Archaebacteria are the chemosynthetic organisms populating deep-sea vents

Answer 15

Bacteria

Question 16

Bacteria

Answer 16

Bacterium is singular; bacteria is plural
Self-replicate by binary fission
Their one chromosome directs reproduction and other cell functions
Cell components are copied and the cell divides in half
Binary fission is asexual reproduction
Cell division produces two identical daughter cells
Bacteria are microscopic and can be seen with 1000x magnification
Archaebacteria are the chemosynthetic organisms populating deep-sea vents

Question 17

Archaebacteria

Answer 17

are the chemosynthetic organisms populating deep-sea vents

Question 18

are the chemosynthetic organisms populating deep-sea vents

Answer 18

Archaebacteria

Question 19

The single E. coli circular chromosome represented as a double helix

Image below is various identified genes on the chromosome

Answer 19

E. coli Chromosome

Question 20

E. coli Chromosome

Answer 20

The single E. coli circular chromosome represented as a double helix

Image below is various identified genes on the chromosome

Question 21

yanobacteria, also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy via photosynthesis.
Cyanobacteria, are prokaryotes.
The name cyanobacteria comes from their color, giving them their other name, “blue-green algae”
They appear to have originated in freshwater or a terrestrial environment.
They presents a risk to humans who are directly exposed to, or consume the algae.
Symptoms can include skin/mucosa irritation, flu-like symptoms, and gastrointestinal illness. Severe cases could include seizures, liver failure, respiratory arrest-even death,
can cause a foul odor to the water, a layer of scum on the surface and even pose a health risk. Green algae may colour the water green, look unclear and plants can die.

Answer 21

Photosynthetic Bacteria: Cyanobacteria

Question 22

Photosynthetic Bacteria: Cyanobacteria

Answer 22

yanobacteria, also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy via photosynthesis.
Cyanobacteria, are prokaryotes.
The name cyanobacteria comes from their color, giving them their other name, “blue-green algae”
They appear to have originated in freshwater or a terrestrial environment.
They presents a risk to humans who are directly exposed to, or consume the algae.
Symptoms can include skin/mucosa irritation, flu-like symptoms, and gastrointestinal illness. Severe cases could include seizures, liver failure, respiratory arrest-even death,
can cause a foul odor to the water, a layer of scum on the surface and even pose a health risk. Green algae may colour the water green, look unclear and plants can die.

Question 23

are found in animal and plant cells in their cytoplasm
(singular) is an organelle that converts sugar to energy for the cell
Process is termed respiration
has a single circular chromosome and is capable of self-replication independently of the animal or plant cell nucleus

Answer 23

Mitochondria

Question 24

Mitochondria

Answer 24

Mitochondria are found in animal and plant cells in their cytoplasm
A Mitochondrion (singular) is an organelle that converts sugar to energy for the cell
Process is termed respiration
A mitochondrion has a single circular chromosome and is capable of self-replication independently of the animal or plant cell nucleus

Question 25

A mitochondrion (plural mitochondria)
Is the size of a bacterium
Has a single circular chromosome like a bacterium
Is self-replicating (reproduces itself independently of the animal or plant cell nucleus) like a bacterium
Some scientists believe that mitochondria evolved from free-living bacteria that were engulfed into the cytoplasm of plant and animal cells
If so, this would a major event in evolution. Organisms with mitochondria would
Create more energy and grow faster
Be able to populate new environments

Answer 25

Similarity of a Mitochondrion to a Bacterium

Question 26

Similarity of a Mitochondrion to a Bacterium

Answer 26

A mitochondrion (plural mitochondria)
Is the size of a bacterium
Has a single circular chromosome like a bacterium
Is self-replicating (reproduces itself independently of the animal or plant cell nucleus) like a bacterium
Some scientists believe that mitochondria evolved from free-living bacteria that were engulfed into the cytoplasm of plant and animal cells
If so, this would a major event in evolution. Organisms with mitochondria would
Create more energy and grow faster
Be able to populate new environments