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Information Processes and Technology > Project Management Questions > Flashcards

Project Management Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Project Manager roles

A
  1. motivate development team
  2. negotiate with stakeholders
  3. resolve conflicts
  4. ensure that project progresses within budget and time constraints
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2
Q

List System development approaches

A
  1. Traditional
  2. Prototyping
  3. Outsourcing
  4. Customisation
  5. Participant Development
  6. Agile methods
  7. Iterative approach
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3
Q

Traditional approach (define)

A

structured approach using UPDIT, each stage must be done before next stage

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4
Q

Traditional approach advantages

A
  1. clear idea of project size, cost and timeline
  2. client knows exact expectations
  3. meticulous record keeping
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5
Q

Traditional approach disadvantages

A
  1. difficult to go back to previous stages
  2. product is only tested at the end
  3. no evolving needs
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6
Q

Prototyping (define)

A

builds on requirements prototype, creating a basic non-functional version of the system

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7
Q

Prototyping advantages

A
  1. ongoing feedback is provided
  2. modifications are made more easily
  3. smaller budget
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8
Q

Prototyping disadvantages

A
  1. can lengthen the scope of the project (users wanting more new features or more changes)
  2. if not prioritised properly, can be late or over budget
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9
Q

Outsourcing (define)

A

uses other specialists to develop their system, e.g. website developers

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10
Q

Outsourcing advantages

A
  1. cost effective
  2. access to better skills/ resources
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11
Q

Outsourcing disadvantages

A
  1. dependent on outside company
  2. data can be compromised (e.g. data leaking)
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12
Q

Customisation (define)

A

existing system is customised to suit the new system, e.g. alterations between software and hardware

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13
Q

Customisation advantages

A

more cost effective than starting from scratch

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14
Q

Customisation disadvantages

A

outdated method, it is difficult to actually use this method

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15
Q

Participant development (define)

A

people who use and operate the system develop the system

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16
Q

Participant development advantages

A
  1. financially suitable
  2. if suitable skills, development will be faster
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17
Q

Participant development disadvantages

A

need to have sufficient skills to develop the system

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18
Q

Agile methods (define)

A

focuses on TEAM developing the system rather than following structured development processes, used to build software rather than total info systems

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19
Q

Agile methods (advantages)

A
  1. allows for changes to be made
  2. testing occurs at the end of each sprint
20
Q

Agile methods (disadvantages)

A
  1. initial project has no definitive plan
  2. final product can be different than what was originally intended
  3. less successful project manager = late and over budget
21
Q

Understanding the problem (components)

A
  1. requirements prototype
  2. requirements report
  3. interviewing and surveying users
22
Q

Planning (components)

A
  1. feasibility study (TOES)
  2. update requirements report
23
Q

Designing (components)

A
  1. context diagram
  2. data flow diagram
  3. storyboards
  4. decision tree
  5. decision table
  6. data dictionaries
  7. ISC diagram (maybe)
24
Q

Implementing (components)

A
  1. implementation plan
  2. operation manual
  3. participant training
  4. methods of conversion
25
Q

Testing, Evaluating and Maintaining (components)

A

T
1. test data (live, volume, simulated)
2. acceptance testing
E
3. technical performance monitoring
4. financial performance monitoring
M
5. regular maintenance

26
Q

Maintenance

A
  1. updating the system features
  2. maintaining hardware and software inventory
  3. perform backups of the systems data
  4. ensure stock of all required consumables
27
Q

Feasibility

A

analyse the potential solution in terms of known constraints

28
Q

Data flow diagrams

A

graphical method of representing the system using external entities, inputs and outputs

29
Q

Agile project management

A

iterative approach incorporating customer feedback at each interval

30
Q

Communication skills

A
  1. Active listening
  2. Conflict resolution
  3. Negotiation skills
  4. Team building
  5. Interview techniques
31
Q

IT used in project management (communication)

A
  1. electronic mailing
  2. video conferencing software
32
Q

Flexible working arrangements (define)

A

employees can choose different work schedules based on their personal or family needs

33
Q

Flexible working arrangements (issues)

A
  1. employee isolation
  2. can lead to less productivity
34
Q

Flexible working arrangements (advantages)

A
  1. increased job satisfaction
  2. less commuting costs
  3. attracting and retaining top talents
35
Q

Ways to resolve conflicts (list)

A
  • Compromise to reach a solution
  • Appointing a mediator → neutral mediator
  • Reminding the groups of the common goal
  • Reinforcing team building techniques
36
Q

Negotiation skills

A
  • Knowing in advance about the person, product, service/and or organisation prior
  • Approach other party directly for appointment
  • Confident and assertive, maintain control during the negotiation process (use active voice)
37
Q

Advantages of teams that function well

A
  • increased productivity
  • enhanced job satisfaction
  • development of a quality system
38
Q

Consequences of groups that fail to function as a team

A
  • financial loss
  • employment loss
  • missed opportunities
39
Q

Ways to train participants (list)

A
  • traditional group sessions
  • peer training
  • online training
  • operation manuals
40
Q

Advantages of teams with different skillsets

A
  • allows for different perspectives, skills and approaches
  • team members will have different understandings for parts of the project
41
Q

Components of an implementation plan

A
  • testing
  • training
  • conversion
  • timelines
42
Q

Advantages of using digital systems instead of paper-based systems

A
  • improves the speed of publication of the content
  • less physical storage needed to store information
  • durability of the information when it is in a digital format
  • data validation can be used to increase accuracy at collection
  • can allow for interactivity using images and videos as well as allowing for notifications to be sent to users
43
Q

Components of a requirements report

A
  • needs of users
  • data/information
  • sub projects
  • specifies inputs and outputs
  • client feedback
  • environment constraints and influences
44
Q

Common risks that can be considered in feasibility studies

A

Scheduling feasibility –> if project fails to be completed within the deadline, the developers or business owners may need to may additional costs.

Economic feasibility –> cost may be involved in acquiring new technology if there are compatibility issues.

Technical feasibility –> current system may need to be updated or a new system may need to be developed when there are compatibility issues.

Operational feasibility –> developers may need to interfere with current system operations if users find the new system difficult to navigate and operate

45
Q

How can hardware be used to secure data?

A

physical servers can be held in a secure location/room to reduce unauthorised access

passwords, smart cards and biometric readers can be installed

46
Q

Why can it be better to conduct surveys online rather than physically?

A
  • data validation can be used to ensure the correctness of data
  • less storage space required (physical)
  • searching, analysing and processing will be easier and quicker, so results from a survey can be available earlier

Information Processes and Technology (5 decks)

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