Project management domain

Question 1

Domains

Answer 1

Domains are a group of related activities that are critical for the effective delivery of project outcomes.They are interactive, interrelated, and interdependent areas of focus that work in unison to achieve desired project outcomes.
They operate as an integrated system, with each domain being interdependent of the other domains to enable successful delivery of the project and its intended outcomes.
The specific activities undertaken within each of the performance domains are determined by the context of the organization, the project, deliverables, the project team, stakeholders, and other factors.

Question 2

Stakeholder
performance domain

Answer 2

Identify
◦ Identification is done throughout the project to understand who your stakeholders are, both internal and external.
Understand and Analyze
◦ the project manager and the project team should seek to understand stakeholders’ feelings, emotions, beliefs, and values.
Prioritize
◦ Focus on stakeholders with the most power and interest as one way to prioritize engagement.
Engage
◦ Entails working collaboratively with stakeholders to introduce the project, elicit their requirements, manage expectations, resolve issues, negotiate, prioritize, problem solve, and make decisions.
Monitor
◦ Throughout the project, stakeholders will change as new stakeholders are identified and others cease to be
stakeholders.

Question 3

Team Performance
Domain

Answer 3

Deals with activities and functions associated with the people who are responsible for creating project deliverables that realize business outcomes.

This performance domain entails establishing the culture and environment that enables a collection of diverse individuals to evolve into a high-performing project team.

Question 4

Team performance domain Outcomes includes:

Answer 4

◦ Shared ownership
◦ A high-performing team
◦ Appropriate leadership and other interpersonal skills

Question 5

Team performance domain members

Answer 5

◦ Project Manager: Assign by the business to lead the team and is responsible for accomplishing the project objectives
◦ Project Management team: People who are directly involved in project management activities
◦ Project Team: A group of individuals performing the work of the project to achieve its purposes

Question 6

Management Activities

Answer 6

Effective processes, planning, coordinating, measuring, and monitoring work, among others.

Question 7

Leadership activities

Answer 7

◦ Influencing ◦ Motivating ◦ Listening ◦ Enabling

Question 8

Leadership types

Answer 8

◦ Centralized: Accountability (being answerable for an outcome), is usually assigned to one individual,
◦ Distributed: Shared among a project management team, and project team members

Question 9

Servant leadership

Answer 9

a method of leadership that is based on the understanding and addressing the needs and development of project team members.

Servant leaders place emphasis on developing project team by focusing on addressing questions, such as:
◦ Are project team members growing as individuals?
◦ Are project team members becoming healthier, wiser, freer, and more autonomous?
◦ Are project team members more likely to become servant leaders?

Question 10

Servant leadership behaviors include:

Answer 10

◦ Obstacle removal.
◦ Diversion shield.
◦ Encouragement and development opportunities.

Question 11

Common Aspects of Team Development includes:

Answer 11

Vision and objectives: Everyone is aware of the project vision and objectives

Roles and responsibilities: members
understand and fulfill their roles and
responsibilities.

Project team operations: Facilitating project team communication, problem solving, and the process of coming to consensus

Guidance: ensure everyone is headed in the right direction

Growth: Identifying where the project team is carrying out well and pointing out areas where the project team can improve

Question 12

Development Approach and Life
Cycle Performance Domain

Answer 12

Deals with activities and functions
associated with the development approach, cadence, and life cycle phases of the
project.
Delivery cadence refers to the timing and
frequency of project deliverables.

Question 13

Development Approach and Life
Cycle Performance Domain outcomes include

Answer 13

◦ Correct development approaches.
◦ A project life cycle that connect the delivery of business and stakeholder value from the
beginning to the end of the project.
◦ A project life cycle consisting of phases that facilitate the delivery cadence and development approach required to produce the project deliverables.

Question 14

Delivery cadence

Answer 14

refers to the timing and
frequency of project deliverables.

Question 15

Factors that influence the selection of a development approach.

Answer 15

• Product, service, or result
  ◦ Degree of innovation
  ◦ Requirements certainty
  ◦ Scope stability
  ◦ Ease of change
  ◦ Delivery options
  ◦ Risk
  ◦ Safety requirements
  ◦ Regulations
• The project
  ◦ Stakeholders
  ◦ Schedule constraints
  ◦ Funding availability
• Organization
  ◦ Organizational structure
  ◦ Culture
  ◦ Organizational capability
  ◦ Project team size and location

Question 16

Planning Performance Domain

Answer 16

Deals with activities and functions associated with the initial, ongoing, and evolving organization and coordination necessary for delivering project deliverables and outcomes.

The purpose of planning is to proactively develop an approach to create the project deliverables.

Question 17

Planning Performance Domain outcomes

Answer 17

Outcomes includes:
◦ The project moves in an organized, coordinated, and deliberate manner.
◦ There is a holistic approach to providing the project outcomes.
◦ Evolving information is elaborated.
◦ Time spent planning is appropriate.
◦ Planning is sufficient to manage stakeholder
expectations.
◦ There is a process for the adaptation of plans.

Question 18

Project plans are affected by

Answer 18

Variables include, but are not limited to:
◦ Development approach
◦ Project deliverables
◦ Organizational requirements
◦ Market conditions
◦ Legal or regulatory restrictions

Question 19

When planning things to consider will be:

Answer 19

◦ Delivery – What is the scope being delivered by the project
◦ Estimating – Scope, schedule, budget of resources both people and physical
◦ Schedules - Models used to determine when work has to be done
◦ Budget- How much work will cost

Question 20

Project Work Performance Domain

Answer 20

Deals with activities and functions associated with establishing project processes, managing physical resources, and fostering a learning environment.

Project work is connected with establishing the processes and performing the work done by the project team to deliver the expected deliverables and outcomes.

Question 21

Project Work Performance Domain outcomes

Answer 21

◦ Efficient and effective project performance.
◦ Project processes are suitable for the project and the environment.
◦ Appropriate communication with stakeholders.
◦ Efficient management of physical resources.
◦ Effective management of procurements.
◦ Improved team capability due to continuous learning and process improvement.

Question 22

Project Delivery Performance Domain

Answer 22

Deals with activities and functions associated with delivering the scope and quality that the project was undertaken to achieve.

Question 23

Project Delivery Performance Domain Outcomes

Answer 23

Outcomes includes:
◦ Projects contribute to business objectives
◦ Projects realize the outcomes
◦ Project benefits are realized in the time frame
◦ The project team has an understanding of requirements.
◦ Stakeholders accept and are satisfied with project deliverables.

Question 24

Measurement Performance Domain

Answer 24

Deals with activities and functions associated with assessing project performance and taking appropriate actions to maintain acceptable performance.

Involves measuring project performance and implementing appropriate responses to keep the project on track.

This domain evaluates the amount to which the work done in the Delivery Performance Domain is meeting the metrics identified in the Planning Performance Domain.

Question 25

Measurement Performance Domain outcomes

Answer 25

Outcomes includes:
◦ A reliable understanding of the status of the project.
◦ Actionable data to enable decision making.
◦ Timely and appropriate actions to keep the project on track.
◦ Achieving targets and generating business value

Question 26

2 types of Key Performance Indicators (KPI)

Answer 26

two types of KPIs: leading indicators and lagging indicators.
◦ Leading indicators predict changes or trends in the project
◦ Lagging indicators measure project deliverables or events. They provide information after the fact.

Question 27

SMART metrics

Answer 27

Specific, Meaningful, Achievable, Relevant, Timely

Question 28

Metrics to measure includes:

Answer 28

• Deliverable Metrics
  ◦ Information on errors or defects
  ◦ Measures of performance
• Delivery
  ◦ Work in progress
  ◦ Lead time
  ◦ Cycle time
  ◦ Process efficiency
• Baseline Performance
  ◦ Start and finish dates
  ◦ Actual cost compared to planned cost
• Resources
  ◦ Planned resource utilization compared to actual resource utilization
• Business Value
  ◦ Cost-benefit ratio
• Stakeholders
  ◦ Mood chart
• Forecasts

Question 29

Metrics can be presented using:

Answer 29

◦ Dashboards
◦ Information Radiators
◦ Visual Controls

Question 30

Pitfalls associated with measurement

Answer 30

◦ Hawthorne effect
◦ Vanity metric
◦ Demoralization
◦ Misusing the metrics
◦ Confirmation bias

Question 31

Uncertainty Performance Domain

Answer 31

Deals with activities and functions associated with risk and uncertainty.

Projects happen in environments with varying degrees of uncertainty.

Uncertainty in the broadest sense is a state of not knowing or unpredictability.

Uncertainty presents threats and opportunities that project teams explore, assess, and decide how to handle.

Question 32

Uncertainty Performance Domain outcomes

Answer 32

◦ An awareness of the environment in which projects occur
◦ Proactively exploring and responding to uncertainty.
◦ An awareness of the interdependence of multiple variables on the project.
◦ The capacity to anticipate threats and opportunities
◦ Project delivery with little or no negative impact
◦ Opportunities are realized to improve project performance and outcomes.
◦ Cost and schedule reserves are utilized

Question 33

There are many shades to uncertainty, such as

Answer 33

◦ Risk associated with not knowing future events
◦ Ambiguity associated with not being aware of current or future conditions
◦ Complexity associated with dynamic systems having unpredictable outcomes.

Question 34

Options for responding to uncertainty

Answer 34

◦ Gather information
◦ Prepare for multiple outcomes
◦ Build in resilience