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Boom and Bust Unit 3 > Prohibition > Flashcards

Prohibition Flashcards

1
Q

EXAMPLE OF EFFECTIVE ENFORCEMENT ON PROHIBITION

A

Izzy Einstein and Mo Smith (4000 arrests in 5 years)

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2
Q

WHAT DID THE 18TH AMENDMENT DO?

A

Banned the sale, transportation and manufacture of intoxicating liquor

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3
Q

WHAT DID THE VOLSTEAD ACT DO?

A

Defined anything as more than 0.5% of alcohol as “intoxicating liquor”

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4
Q

HOW DID THE WCTU VIEW ALCOHOL?

A

A way in which men could oppress women and a cause of domestic abuse

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5
Q

HOW DID THE BIG BUSINESS VIEW DRUNKENNESS??

A

They felt it led to danger and inefficiency in the work place. Heinz and Rockerfeller corporations supported prohibition.

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6
Q

HOW DID RELIGIOUS GROUPS VIEW PROHIBITION?

A

They believed alcohol was the work of the devil and was the cause of sin.

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7
Q

WHO SUPPORTED PROHIBITION?

A

Protestant people, those who lived in rural areas, republicans

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8
Q

WHO OPPOSED PROHIBITION?

A

Those who lived in urban areas, Southern European, Roman Catholics, Democrats

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9
Q

WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF WAR ON PROHIBITION?

A

Grain was used in the production of alcohol and was also needed for food, thus many felt it was patriotic to not have alcohol. This was emphasised when the 1917 Lever Act banned the use of grain in the manufacture of alcoholic drinks. Also the largest Brewers were German, Americans tended to boycott those.

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10
Q

HOW WAS THE OPPOSITION TO PROHIBITION UNORGANISED?

A

They made very minor efforts to protest, the March and Rally in NYC against taking away the working men’s beer by the American Federation of Labour

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11
Q

HOW DID THE GEOGRAPHICAL DIFFICULTIES CAUSE THE FAILURE OF PROHIBITION??

A

18700 miles of coastline and land borders became known as rum row. This enabled successful smuggling, in 1925 agents only intercepted 5% of ale coming into the country illegally

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12
Q

HOW DID BOOTLEGGERS CAUSE THE FAILURE OF PROHIBITION?

A
  • Chemists could still sell alcohol on doctors prescriptions which led to widespread abuse.
  • Bootleggers went o business and producers and distributors of illegal alcohol.
  • George Remuss arranged for various breweries to obtain medicinal alcohol and allowed 3000 gangsters to hijack these products and diverts them to illegal stills.
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13
Q

HOW DID INDUSTRIAL ALCOHOL CAUSE THE FAILURE OF PROHIBITION?

A
  • Easily diverted into an alcoholic drink
  • Moonshine
  • No quality control
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14
Q

HOW DID THE DIVISION AMONGST SUPPORTERS CAUSE THE FAILURE OF PROHIBITION?

A

The dry lobby were ill equipped to enforce prohibition. The Anti Saloon League were bitterly divided as some sought stricter enforcement laws and some emphasised education programmes to deter people from drinking in the first place

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15
Q

WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF PROHIBITION?

A
  • Overconsumption
  • New methods of distilling alcohol increased availability of higher percentage alcohol
  • Unhealthy (Abused by medical experts/average teenager drank 88 bottles of whiskey a year)
  • Domestic violence
  • Rise of crime
  • Increased bankruptcy
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16
Q

WHO WERE THE LEADERS OF THE WCTU?

A

Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Frances Willard

17
Q

AIMS OF THE WCTU

A

To ameliorate the living conditions of immigrants in squalid slums
Protect the rights of young children working in mills and factories
Improve public education
Secure Women’s rights
Have a prohibition amendment added to the constitution

18
Q

METHODS OF THE WCTU

A

Lobbying for local laws restricting alcohol

Creating an anti-alcohol education campaign

19
Q

LEADERS, SUPPORTERS AND KEY INDIVIDUALS WITHIN THE ANTI SALOON LEAGUE

A 
Wayne Wheeler
Democrats
Republicans
Henry Ford
Progressives
KKK
Populists
Suffragists
John D. Rockefeller
NAACP
International Workers of the World
Andrew Canergie
20
Q

WHY WERE THE ASL SUCCESSFUL

A

They were linked to various powerful groups
Anti-German fervor rose to a frenzy and ASL propaganda connected beer and brewers to Germans and treason
The ratification of the Tax Amendment and the lack of gov dependency on liquor taxes helped

21
Q

WHAT WAS THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF PROHIBITION

A

Expectations did not actually happen
-they expected clothing sales to sky rocket
-chewing gum, fruit juice and soft drink companies all expected prices to soar
Restaurants failed as they could not make a profit from liquor sale
Theatre revenues declined
Closing of breweries, distilleries and saloons led to elimination of thousands of jobs
In New York 75% of state revenue was from state liquor tax, this led to the loss of $11 billion in tax revenue and the cost of $300 million to enforce

22
Q

HOW DID PEOPLE STILL SNEAK ALCOHOL

A

Pharmacists were allowed to dispense whiskey for illnesses, bootleggers used these pharmacies as a smokescreen for trade
Religious purposes
Fruit Juice with warnings it could turn into wine

23
Q

WHAT WAS THE PROBLEM WITH ALCOHOL FROM THE BLACK MARKET

A

Quality of the alcohol began to decline

By 1945, 4500 had died from drinking tainted liquor

24
Q

IMPACT OF PROHIBITION ON CRIME

A

Capone “dealt with flesh, prostitution as well as beer”
Gang violence was on the rise in almost every American city
Group of gangsters agreed to a national crime syndicate, they divided up the territories by federal bank system
St Valentines Day Massacre
Drug use increased
Hijacking of illegal alcohol
Increased use of media to project crime life-Capone “publicity thats what got me”
Capone took over Labour Union

25
Q

HOW DID PROBLEM WITH TREASURY AGENTS CAUSE THE FAILURE OF PROHIBITION

A

Treasury agents were paid $2500 to shut down illegal industries with profits at $2 billion. This made the highly susceptible to corruption, highlighted when one agent made $7 million selling illegal licenses and pardons to bootleggers. From 1920 to 1930 about 10% of prohibition agents were fired for consumption

26
Q

HOW DID THE POPULARITY OF SPEAKEASIES CAUSE THE FAILURE OF PROHIBITION

A

Many American’s main aim was to have a good time

27
Q

HOW DID THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT CAUSE THE FAILURE OF PROHIBITION

A

Congress did not do more to enforce prohibition as it did not want to alienate the rich and influential voters
There was also a period of reduced role by government
Nobody in Government was prepared the admit that prohibition had ultimately failed

Boom and Bust Unit 3 (2 decks)

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